1. Isikhathi se-Prothrombin (PT)

Ibonisa kakhulu isimo sohlelo lwe-exogenous coagulation, lapho i-INR ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuqapha ama-anticoagulants omlomo.I-PT iyinkomba ebalulekile yokuxilongwa kwe-prethrombotic state, i-DIC nesifo sesibindi.Isetshenziswa njengesivivinyo sokuhlola uhlelo lwe-exogenous coagulation futhi iyindlela ebalulekile yokulawula umthamo wokwelapha ngomlomo we-anticoagulation.

I-PTA <40% ikhombisa i-necrosis enkulu yamaseli esibindi kanye nokuncipha kokuhlanganiswa kwezici ze-coagulation.Ngokwesibonelo, 30%

Ukwelulwa kubonakala ku:

a.Ukulimala kwesibindi okukhulu futhi okungathi sína kubangelwa ikakhulukazi ukukhiqizwa kwe-prothrombin kanye nezici zokujiya ezihlobene.

b.I-VitK enganele, i-VitK iyadingeka ukuze kuhlanganiswe izici II, VII, IX, no-X. Uma i-VitK inganele, ukukhiqizwa kuyancipha futhi isikhathi se-prothrombin siyandiswa.Ibuye ibonakale ku-obstructive jaundice.

C. DIC (i-diffuse intravascular coagulation), edla inani elikhulu lezici zokuhlangana ngenxa ye-microvascular thrombosis eningi.

d.Ukopha okuzenzakalelayo kwe-neonatal, ukuntuleka kwe-prothrombin yokuzalwa kokwelashwa kwe-anticoagulant.

Ukufinyeza kubonakala kokuthi:

Uma igazi lisesimeni esine-hypercoagulable (njenge-DIC yokuqala, i-myocardial infarction), izifo ze-thrombotic (njenge-cerebral thrombosis), njll.

 

2. Isikhathi se-Thrombin (TT)

Ibonisa kakhulu isikhathi lapho i-fibrinogen iphenduka ibe i-fibrin.

Ukwelulwa kubonakala ku: i-heparin eyengeziwe noma izinto ze-heparinoid, ukwanda komsebenzi we-AT-III, inani elingavamile kanye nekhwalithi ye-fibrinogen.Isiteji se-DIC hyperfibrinolysis, i-fibrinogenemia ephansi (akukho), i-hemoglobinemia engavamile, i-blood fibrin (proto) imikhiqizo yokuwohloka (FDPs) yanda.

Ukwehliswa akunakubaluleka komtholampilo.

 

3. Isikhathi esisebenzayo se-thromboplastin (APTT)

Ibonisa kakhulu isimo se-endogenous coagulation system futhi ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuqapha umthamo we-heparin.Ibonisa amazinga we-coagulation factor VIII, IX, XI, XII ku-plasma, isivivinyo sokuhlola uhlelo lwe-endogenous coagulation.I-APTT ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukuqapha ukwelashwa kwe-heparin anticoagulation.

Ukwelulwa kubonakala ku:

a.Ukuntuleka kwezinto zokuhlangana VIII, IX, XI, XII:

b.I-coagulation factor II, V, X kanye nokunciphisa i-fibrinogen abambalwa;

C. Kukhona izinto ezilwa nokuphuma kwegazi njenge-heparin;

d, imikhiqizo yokuwohloka kwe-fibrinogen yanda;e, DIC.

Ukufinyeza kubonakala kokuthi:

Isimo se-Hypercoagulable: Uma into ye-procoagulant ingena egazini futhi umsebenzi we-coagulation factor uyanda, njll.:

 

4.I-Plasma fibrinogen (FIB)

Ikakhulukazi ibonisa okuqukethwe kwe-fibrinogen.I-Plasma fibrinogen iyiphrotheni ehlanganisayo enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kakhulu kwazo zonke izici zokuhlangana, futhi iyisici sokuphendula sesigaba esibucayi.

Ukwanda kubonakala ku: ukusha, isifo sikashukela, ukutheleleka okukhulu, isifo sofuba esiyingozi, umdlavuza, i-endocarditis yebhaktheriya e-subacute, ukukhulelwa, i-pneumonia, i-cholecystitis, i-pericarditis, i-sepsis, i-nephrotic syndrome, i-uremia, i-acute myocardial infarction.

Ukunciphisa kubonakala ku: I-Congenital fibrinogen engavamile, isigaba se-DIC sokuchitha i-hypocoagulation, i-fibrinolysis eyinhloko, i-hepatitis enzima, i-cirrhosis yesibindi.

 

5.I-D-Dimer (D-Dimer)

Ngokuyinhloko ikhombisa umsebenzi we-fibrinolysis futhi iyinkomba yokunquma ubukhona noma ukungabikho kwe-thrombosis kanye ne-fibrinolysis yesibili emzimbeni.

I-D-dimer iwumkhiqizo othize wokuwohloka kwe-fibrin exhumene nesiphambano, ekhuphuka ku-plasma kuphela ngemva kwe-thrombosis, ngakho-ke iwuphawu olubalulekile lwamangqamuzana lokuxilongwa kwe-thrombosis.

I-D-dimer inyuke kakhulu ku-secondary fibrinolysis hyperactivity, kodwa ayizange yenyuke ku-primary fibrinolysis hyperactivity, okuyinkomba ebalulekile yokuhlukanisa kokubili.

Ukwanda kubonakala ezifweni ezifana ne-deep vein thrombosis, i-pulmonary embolism, kanye ne-DIC yesibili hyperfibrinolysis.