1. Isikhathi se-Prothrombin (PT)

Ibonisa kakhulu isimo sohlelo lokujiya kwangaphandle, lapho i-INR ivame ukusetshenziswa khona ukuqapha izidakamizwa zomlomo ezilwa nokuvuvukala kwamalunga. I-PT iyinkomba ebalulekile yokuxilonga isimo sangaphambi kokuphela kwegazi, i-DIC kanye nesifo sesibindi. Isetshenziswa njengesivivinyo sokuhlola uhlelo lokujiya kwangaphandle futhi iyindlela ebalulekile yokwelapha ngokwelashwa komlomo okuvimbela ukujiya kwamalunga.

I-PTA<40% ikhombisa ukuvuvukala okukhulu kwamangqamuzana esibindi kanye nokwehla kokwakheka kwezinto ezibangela ukujiya. Isibonelo, ama-30%

Ukwelulwa kwesikhathi kubonakala ku:

a. Ukulimala okukhulu kwesibindi kubangelwa kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwe-prothrombin kanye nezici ezihlobene nokujiya kwegazi.

b. I-VitK enganele, i-VitK iyadingeka ukuze kuhlanganiswe izinto ezimbili, i-VII, i-IX, kanye ne-X. Uma i-VitK inganele, ukukhiqizwa kuyancipha futhi isikhathi se-prothrombin siyandiswa. Kuyabonakala futhi ku-jaundice evimbayo.

C. DIC (i-diffuse intravascular coagulation), edla inani elikhulu lezinto ezibangela ukujiya kwegazi ngenxa ye-microvascular thrombosis enkulu.

d. Ukopha okuzenzekelayo kwezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa, ukuntuleka kokwelashwa kwe-prothrombin yokuzalwa.

Ukufinyezwa kubonwe ku:

Uma igazi lisesimweni sokujiya ngokweqile (njenge-DIC yokuqala, i-myocardial infarction), izifo ze-thrombotic (njenge-cerebral thrombosis), njll.

 

2. Isikhathi se-Thrombin (TT)

Ikakhulukazi ibonisa isikhathi lapho i-fibrinogen iphenduka i-fibrin.

Ukwelula isikhathi kubonakala ku: ukwanda kwe-heparin noma izinto ze-heparinoid, ukwanda komsebenzi we-AT-III, inani elingavamile kanye nekhwalithi ye-fibrinogen. Isigaba se-DIC hyperfibrinolysis, i-fibrinogenemia ephansi (engenayo), i-hemoglobinemia engavamile, imikhiqizo yokubola kwe-fibrin (proto) (FDPs) iyanda.

Ukunciphisa akunalo ukubaluleka kwezokwelapha.

 

3. Isikhathi se-thromboplastin esingaphelele esisebenzayo (i-APTT)

Ibonisa kakhulu isimo sesistimu yokujiya kwegazi e-endogenous futhi ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuqapha umthamo we-heparin. Ibonisa amazinga ezici zokujiya kwegazi VIII, IX, XI, XII ku-plasma, iyisivivinyo sokuhlola uhlelo lokujiya kwegazi e-endogenous. I-APTT ivame ukusetshenziswa ukuqapha ukwelashwa kwe-heparin okulwa nokujiya kwegazi.

Ukwelulwa kwesikhathi kubonakala ku:

a. Ukuntuleka kwezinto ezibangela ukujiya kwe-coagulation VIII, IX, XI, XII:

b. Ukuncipha kwe-coagulation factor II, V, X kanye ne-fibrinogen ezimbalwa;

C. Kukhona izinto ezilwa nokuvuvukala kwegazi ezifana ne-heparin;

d, imikhiqizo yokuwohloka kwe-fibrinogen yanda; e, i-DIC.

Ukufinyezwa kubonwe ku:

Isimo sokujiya kwegazi: Uma into ye-procoagulant ingena egazini futhi umsebenzi wezinto ezijiya igazi ukhuphuka, njll.:

 

4.I-Plasma fibrinogen (FIB)

Ibonisa kakhulu okuqukethwe yi-fibrinogen. I-Plasma fibrinogen iyiprotheni yokujiya enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kakhulu kuzo zonke izici zokujiya, futhi iyisici sokuphendula kwesigaba esibukhali.

Ukwanda kubonakala ku: ukusha, isifo sikashukela, ukutheleleka okukhulu, isifo sofuba esikhulu, umdlavuza, i-subacute bacterial endocarditis, ukukhulelwa, i-pneumonia, i-cholecystitis, i-pericarditis, i-sepsis, i-nephrotic syndrome, i-uremia, i-acute myocardial infarction.

Ukuncipha okubonwe ku: Ukungajwayelekile kwe-fibrinogen yokuzalwa, isigaba se-DIC sokulahlekelwa yi-hypocoagulation, i-fibrinolysis eyinhloko, i-hepatitis enzima, i-cirrhosis yesibindi.

 

5.I-D-Dimer (i-D-Dimer)

Ibonisa kakhulu umsebenzi we-fibrinolysis futhi iyinkomba yokunquma ukuba khona noma ukungabikho kwe-thrombosis kanye ne-fibrinolysis yesibili emzimbeni.

I-D-dimer iwumkhiqizo othize wokuwohloka kwe-fibrin exhumene ne-cross-linked, eyanda ku-plasma kuphela ngemva kwe-thrombosis, ngakho-ke iyisibonakaliso esibalulekile sama-molecule sokuxilongwa kwe-thrombosis.

I-D-dimer ikhuphuke kakhulu ekusebenzeni ngokweqile kwe-fibrinolysis yesibili, kodwa ayikhuphukanga ekusebenzeni ngokweqile kwe-fibrinolysis eyinhloko, okuyisibonakaliso esibalulekile sokuhlukanisa lokhu okubili.

Ukwanda kubonakala ezifweni ezifana ne-deep vein thrombosis, i-pulmonary embolism, kanye ne-DIC secondary hyperfibrinolysis.