1. Ixesha leProthrombin (PT)

Ibonakalisa kakhulu imeko yenkqubo yokujiya kwegazi engaphandle, apho i-INR idla ngokusetyenziswa ukujonga amayeza okuthintela ukujiya kwegazi ngomlomo. I-PT luphawu olubalulekileyo lokuchongwa kwemeko ye-prethrombotic, i-DIC kunye nesifo sesibindi. Isetyenziswa njengovavanyo lokuhlola inkqubo yokujiya kwegazi engaphandle kwaye ikwayindlela ebalulekileyo yonyango lweklinikhi lokuthintela ukujiya kwegazi ngomlomo.

I-PTA<40% ibonisa ukubola okukhulu kweeseli zesibindi kunye nokuncipha kokwenziwa kwezinto ezibangela ukujiya kwegazi. Umzekelo, i-30%

Ukwandiswa kwexesha kubonakala ku:

a. Ukonakala okukhulu kwesibindi kubangelwa ikakhulu kukuveliswa kwe-prothrombin kunye nezinto ezinxulumene nokugabha igazi.

b. IVitK enganeleyo, iVitK iyadingeka ukuze kudityaniswe izinto ezimbini, iVII, iIX, kunye ne-X. Xa iVitK ingonelanga, imveliso iyancipha kwaye ixesha le-prothrombin liyandiswa. Ikwabonakala nakwi-jaundice ethintelayo.

C. I-DIC (i-diffuse intravascular coagulation), edla inani elikhulu lezinto ezibangela ukujiya kwegazi ngenxa ye-microvascular thrombosis enkulu.

d. Ukopha kwegazi okuzenzekelayo kweentsana ezisandula ukuzalwa, ukungabikho konyango lwe-anticoagulant ye-prothrombin yokuzalwa.

Ukufinyezwa kubonwe ku:

Xa igazi likwimeko yokuxinana kwegazi (njenge-DIC yokuqala, i-myocardial infarction), izifo ze-thrombotic (ezifana ne-cerebral thrombosis), njl.

 

2. Ixesha leTrombin (TT)

Ibonisa kakhulu ixesha apho i-fibrinogen iguquka ibe yi-fibrin.

Ukwandiswa kwexesha kubonakala kwi: ukwanda kwe-heparin okanye izinto ze-heparinoid, ukwanda komsebenzi we-AT-III, ubungakanani obungaqhelekanga kunye nomgangatho we-fibrinogen. Isigaba se-DIC hyperfibrinolysis, i-fibrinogenemia ephantsi (engenayo), i-hemoglobinemia engaqhelekanga, iimveliso zokuchithwa kwegazi ze-fibrin (proto) (FDPs) zanda.

Ukunciphisa akunamsebenzi kwiklinikhi.

 

3. Ixesha le-thromboplastin elingasebenziyo (i-APTT)

Ibonakalisa kakhulu imeko yenkqubo yokujiya kwegazi engaphakathi kwaye idla ngokusetyenziselwa ukujonga umthamo we-heparin. Ibonisa amanqanaba e-coagulation factors VIII, IX, XI, XII kwi-plasma, luvavanyo lokuhlola inkqubo yokujiya kwegazi engaphakathi. I-APTT isetyenziswa kakhulu ukujonga unyango lwe-heparin oluchasene nokujiya kwegazi.

Ukwandiswa kwexesha kubonakala ku:

a. Ukungabikho kwezinto ezibangela ukujiya kwegazi VIII, IX, XI, XII:

b. Ukunciphisa i-coagulation factor II, V, X kunye ne-fibrinogen zimbalwa;

C. Kukho izinto ezilwa nokwahlulwa kwegazi ezifana ne-heparin;

d, iimveliso zokonakala kwe-fibrinogen zandile; e, DIC.

Ukufinyezwa kubonwe ku:

Imeko yokuxinana kwegazi: Ukuba into ebangela ukuxinana kwegazi ingena egazini kwaye umsebenzi wezinto ezibangela ukuxinana kwegazi uyanda, njl.njl.:

 

4.I-Plasma fibrinogen (i-FIB)

Ibonisa kakhulu umxholo we-fibrinogen. I-Plasma fibrinogen yiproteni yokujiya enomxholo ophezulu kuzo zonke izinto zokujiya, kwaye yinto ephendula kwisigaba esibukhali.

Ukwanda kubonakala kwi: ukutsha, isifo seswekile, usulelo olukhawulezileyo, isifo sephepha esibukhali, umhlaza, i-subacute bacterial endocarditis, ukukhulelwa, i-pneumonia, i-cholecystitis, i-pericarditis, i-sepsis, i-nephrotic syndrome, i-uremia, i-acute myocardial infarction.

Ukuncipha kubonwa kwi: Ukungaqheleki kwe-fibrinogen yokuzalwa, i-DIC wosting hypocoagulation phase, i-primary fibrinolysis, i-hepatitis enzima, i-liver cirrhosis.

 

5.I-D-Dimer (i-D-Dimer)

Ibonakalisa kakhulu umsebenzi we-fibrinolysis kwaye sisalathisi sokufumanisa ukuba kukho okanye akukho thrombosis kunye ne-fibrinolysis yesibini emzimbeni.

I-D-dimer yimveliso ethile yokuwohloka kwe-fibrin edityanisiweyo, eyanda kwi-plasma kuphela emva kwe-thrombosis, ngoko ke luphawu olubalulekileyo lwe-molecular ekuchongweni kwe-thrombosis.

I-D-dimer inyuke kakhulu kwi-secondary fibrinolysis hyperactivity, kodwa ayinyukanga kwi-primary fibrinolysis hyperactivity, nto leyo ebonisa ukwahlula ezi zimbini.

Ukwanda kubonakala kwizifo ezifana ne-deep vein thrombosis, i-pulmonary embolism, kunye ne-DIC secondary hyperfibrinolysis.