1. Nthawi ya Prothrombin (PT)

Makamaka imawonetsa momwe dongosolo lothira magazi limagwirira ntchito kunja, momwe INR nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyang'anira mankhwala oletsa magazi kutuluka m'magazi. PT ndi chizindikiro chofunikira chodziwira momwe magazi alili asanatuluke magazi, DIC ndi matenda a chiwindi. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mayeso owunikira dongosolo lothira magazi kutuluka m'magazi kunja ndipo ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yowongolera mlingo wa mankhwala oletsa magazi kutuluka m'magazi.

PTA <40% imasonyeza kufalikira kwakukulu kwa maselo a chiwindi ndi kuchepa kwa kapangidwe ka zinthu zotsekeka. Mwachitsanzo, 30%

Kutalikitsa nthawi kumawoneka mu:

a. Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa chiwindi kumachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kupanga prothrombin ndi zinthu zina zokhudzana ndi magazi kuundana.

b. VitaminiK yosakwanira, VitaminiK imafunika popanga zinthu ziwiri, zisanu ndi chimodzi, zisanu ndi chimodzi, ndi zisanu ndi zitatu (II, VII, IX, ndi X). Ngati VitaminiK si yokwanira, kupanga kumachepa ndipo nthawi ya prothrombin imakulitsidwa. Izi zimawonekeranso mu jaundice yotseka.

C. DIC (kufalikira kwa magazi m'mitsempha), komwe kumadya zinthu zambiri zotsekereza magazi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa magazi m'mitsempha.

d. Kutuluka magazi mwadzidzidzi kwa makanda obadwa nawo, kusowa kwa mankhwala oletsa magazi oundana m'thupi (anticoagulant therapy).

Kufupikitsidwa kwawoneka mu:

Pamene magazi ali mu mkhalidwe woti magazi atsekeka kwambiri (monga DIC yoyambirira, myocardial infarction), matenda a thrombotic (monga cerebral thrombosis), ndi zina zotero.

 

2. Nthawi ya Thrombin (TT)

Makamaka zimawonetsa nthawi yomwe fibrinogen imasanduka fibrin.

Kutalika kwa nthawiyi kumawoneka mu: kuchuluka kwa heparin kapena zinthu za heparinoid, kuchuluka kwa ntchito ya AT-III, kuchuluka kosazolowereka ndi mtundu wa fibrinogen. Gawo la DIC hyperfibrinolysis, kuchepa kwa fibrinogenemia (yopanda) fibrinogenemia, hemoglobinemia yosazolowereka, zinthu zowononga magazi za fibrin (proto) (FDPs) zawonjezeka.

Kuchepetsako kulibe tanthauzo lililonse lachipatala.

 

3. Nthawi yogwira ntchito ya thromboplastin (APTT)

Makamaka imawonetsa momwe dongosolo logaya magazi limagwirira ntchito ndipo nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira mlingo wa heparin. Poyang'ana kuchuluka kwa zinthu zogaya magazi VIII, IX, XI, XII mu plasma, ndi mayeso owunikira dongosolo logaya magazi limagwirira ntchito. APTT imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyang'anira chithandizo cha heparin choletsa magazi kuundana.

Kutalikitsa nthawi kumawoneka mu:

a. Kusowa kwa zinthu zotsekeka VIII, IX, XI, XII:

b. Kuchepa kwa coagulation factor II, V, X ndi fibrinogen zochepa;

C. Pali zinthu zoletsa magazi kuundana monga heparin;

d, zinthu zowononga fibrinogen zawonjezeka; e, DIC.

Kufupikitsidwa kwawoneka mu:

Mkhalidwe wa hypercoagulable: Ngati chinthu cha procoagulant chilowa m'magazi ndipo ntchito ya zinthu zotsekereza magazi ikukwera, ndi zina zotero:

 

4.Plasma fibrinogen (FIB)

Chimaonetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa fibrinogen. Plasma fibrinogen ndi puloteni yolumikizana yokhala ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa zinthu zonse zolumikizana, ndipo ndi chinthu chomwe chimayambitsa kuyankha kwadzidzidzi.

Kuwonjezeka kumawonekera mu: kupsa, matenda a shuga, matenda opatsirana, chifuwa chachikulu, khansa, subacute bacterial endocarditis, mimba, chibayo, cholecystitis, pericarditis, sepsis, nephrotic syndrome, uremia, acute myocardial infarction.

Kuchepa kwa fibrinogen komwe kumawoneka mu: Kusakhazikika kwa fibrinogen yobadwa nayo, DIC yotaya magazi pang'ono, fibrinolysis yoyamba, matenda a chiwindi oopsa, matenda a chiwindi.

 

5.D-Dimer (D-Dimer)

Makamaka imawonetsa ntchito ya fibrinolysis ndipo ndi chizindikiro chodziwira kukhalapo kapena kusakhalapo kwa thrombosis ndi fibrinolysis yachiwiri m'thupi.

D-dimer ndi chinthu chowonongeka cha fibrin yolumikizidwa ndi cross-linked, chomwe chimawonjezeka mu plasma pokhapokha thrombosis itatha, kotero ndi chizindikiro chofunikira cha mamolekyulu pakupeza thrombosis.

D-dimer inawonjezeka kwambiri mu secondary fibrinolysis hyperactivity, koma sinachuluke mu primary fibrinolysis hyperactivity, chomwe ndi chizindikiro chofunikira chosiyanitsa ziwirizi.

Kuwonjezeka kumeneku kumawoneka m'matenda monga deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, ndi DIC secondary hyperfibrinolysis.