1. Ka Manawa Prothrombin (PT)

Hōʻike nui ia i ke kūlana o ka ʻōnaehana coagulation exogenous, kahi e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ai ʻo INR e nānā i nā anticoagulants waha. He hōʻailona koʻikoʻi ka PT no ka ʻike ʻana i ke kūlana prethrombotic, DIC a me nā maʻi akepaʻa. Hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he hoʻāʻo nānā no ka ʻōnaehana coagulation exogenous a he ala koʻikoʻi hoʻi ia o ka kaohi ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau anticoagulation waha.

ʻO ka PTA <40% e hōʻike ana i ka necrosis nui o nā hunaola ate a me ka emi ʻana o ka synthesis o nā mea coagulation. No ka laʻana, 30%

ʻIke ʻia ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻana ma:

a. ʻO ka hōʻino nui ʻana o ke akepaʻa ma muli nui o ka hana ʻia ʻana o ka prothrombin a me nā mea pili i ka clotting.

b. ʻAʻole lawa ka VitK, pono ʻo VitK e hana i nā mea hana II, VII, IX, a me X. Ke lawa ʻole ka VitK, emi ka hana ʻana a hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka manawa prothrombin. ʻIke ʻia nō hoʻi ia i ka jaundice obstructive.

C. DIC (coagulation intravascular diffuse), ka mea e hoʻopau i ka nui o nā mea coagulation ma muli o ka thrombosis microvascular ākea.

d. Ke kahe koko koke ʻana o ke koko pēpē hānau hou, ka nele o ka prothrombin hānau i ka lāʻau anticoagulant.

Hoʻopōkole ʻia i ʻike ʻia ma:

Ke noho ke koko i kahi mokuʻāina hypercoagulable (e like me DIC mua, myocardial infarction), nā maʻi thrombotic (e like me ka cerebral thrombosis), a pēlā aku.

 

2. Ka manawa Thrombin (TT)

Hōʻike nui ia i ka manawa e hoʻololi ai ka fibrinogen i fibrin.

ʻIke ʻia ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻana i: hoʻonui ʻia nā mea heparin a i ʻole heparinoid, hoʻonui ʻia ka hana AT-III, ka nui a me ke ʻano ʻē o ka fibrinogen. Ke kahua hyperfibrinolysis DIC, haʻahaʻa (ʻaʻohe) fibrinogenemia, hemoglobinemia maʻamau, hoʻonui ʻia nā huahana hoʻohaʻahaʻa fibrin koko (proto) (FDP).

ʻAʻohe koʻikoʻi o ka hōʻemi ʻana.

 

3. Ka manawa thromboplastin hapa i hoʻāla ʻia (APTT)

Hōʻike nui ia i ke kūlana o ka ʻōnaehana coagulation endogenous a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e nānā i ka nui o ka heparin. Ke hōʻike nei i nā pae o nā mea coagulation VIII, IX, XI, XII i loko o ka plasma, he hoʻāʻo nānā ia no ka ʻōnaehana coagulation endogenous. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka APTT e nānā i ka lāʻau anticoagulation heparin.

ʻIke ʻia ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻana ma:

a. ʻAʻohe o nā kumu coagulation VIII, IX, XI, XII:

b. ʻO ka mea hoʻohuihui II, V, X a me ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka fibrinogen kakaikahi;

C. Aia nā mea anticoagulant e like me ka heparin;

d, ua hoʻonui ʻia nā huahana hōʻino fibrinogen; e, DIC.

Hoʻopōkole ʻia i ʻike ʻia ma:

Kūlana Hypercoagulable: Inā komo ka mea procoagulant i loko o ke koko a piʻi ka hana o nā mea coagulation, a pēlā aku:

 

4.ʻO ka fibrinogen plasma (FIB)

Hōʻike nui ia i ka ʻike o ka fibrinogen. ʻO ka fibrinogen plasma ka protein coagulation me ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe loa o nā mea coagulation āpau, a he mea pane pae koke ia.

Hoʻonui ʻia i ʻike ʻia i loko o: nā kuni, ka maʻi diabetes, ka maʻi ʻoi, ka maʻi tuberculosis ʻoi, ka maʻi kanesa, ka endocarditis bacterial subacute, ka hāpai ʻana, ka pneumonia, ka cholecystitis, ka pericarditis, ka sepsis, ka nephrotic syndrome, uremia, ka infarction myocardial ʻoi.

ʻIke ʻia ka hōʻemi ʻana i loko o: ʻO ke ʻano fibrinogen congenital, ka pae hypocoagulation DIC wasting, fibrinolysis mua, hepatitis koʻikoʻi, cirrhosis ake.

 

5.D-Dimer (D-Dimer)

Hōʻike nui ia i ka hana o ka fibrinolysis a he hōʻailona ia e hoʻoholo ai i ke alo a i ʻole ka ʻole o ka thrombosis a me ka fibrinolysis lua i loko o ke kino.

ʻO D-dimer kahi huahana hoʻohaʻahaʻa kikoʻī o ka fibrin i hoʻopili ʻia, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka plasma ma hope o ka thrombosis wale nō, no laila he māka molekala koʻikoʻi ia no ka ʻike ʻana i ka thrombosis.

Ua piʻi nui ka D-dimer i ka hyperactivity fibrinolysis lua, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻonui ʻia i ka hyperactivity fibrinolysis mua, he hōʻailona koʻikoʻi ia no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā mea ʻelua.

ʻIke ʻia ka piʻi ʻana i nā maʻi e like me ka deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, a me ka DIC secondary hyperfibrinolysis.