1. Te wā prothrombin (PT):

Ko te PT e pā ana ki te wā e hiahiatia ana mō te hurihanga o te prothrombin ki te thrombin, ka arahi ki te whakapūmautanga plasma, e whakaata ana i te mahi whakapūmautanga o te ara whakapūmautanga o waho. Ko te PT ka whakatauhia e ngā taumata o ngā āhuatanga whakapūmautanga I, II, V, VII, me te X i hangaia e te ate. Ko te āhuatanga matua o te whakapūmautanga i roto i te ara whakapūmautanga o waho ko te āhuatanga VII, e hanga ana i te matatini FVIIa-TF me te āhuatanga kiko (TF). , e tīmata ana i te tukanga whakapūmautanga o waho. He poto ake te PT o ngā wāhine hāpu noa i ērā o ngā wāhine kāore i te hāpu. Ina heke ngā āhuatanga X, V, II, I rānei, ka taea te whakaroa i te PT. Kāore te PT e aro ki te korenga o tētahi āhuatanga whakapūmautanga kotahi. Ka roa ake te PT ina heke te kukū o te prothrombin ki raro iho i te 20% o te taumata noa, ā, ka heke ngā āhuatanga V, VII, me te X ki raro iho i te 35% o te taumata noa. I roa ake te PT me te kore e puta he toto rerekē. Ka kitea te wā prothrombin poto i te wā hāpu i roto i te mate thromboembolic me ngā āhua hypercoagulable. Mena he 3 hēkona te roa o te PT i te mana whakahaere noa, me whai whakaaro ki te tautuhi i te DIC.

2. Te wā o te thrombin:

Ko te wā thrombin te wā e huri ai te fibrinogen ki te fibrin, ka taea te whakaata i te kounga me te nui o te fibrinogen i roto i te toto. Ka poto ake te wā thrombin i roto i ngā wāhine hāpu noa ki ngā wāhine kāore i te hāpu. Kāore he huringa nui i roto i te wā thrombin puta noa i te hāpu. He tawhā tairongo hoki te wā thrombin mō ngā hua pakaru fibrin me ngā huringa i roto i te pūnaha fibrinolytic. Ahakoa ka poto ake te wā thrombin i te wā hāpu, kāore he nui o ngā huringa i waenga i ngā wā hāpu rerekē, e whakaatu ana hoki ka whakarei ake te whakahohenga o te pūnaha fibrinolytic i roto i te hāpu noa. , hei taurite me te whakarei ake i te mahi toto toto. I whakahaerehia e Wang Li et al[6] tētahi rangahau whakatairite i waenga i ngā wāhine hāpu noa me ngā wāhine kāore i te hāpu. He poto ake ngā hua whakamātautau wā thrombin o te rōpū wāhine hāpu mutunga i ērā o te rōpū whakahaere me ngā rōpū hāpu wawe me waenganui, e tohu ana ko te taupū wā thrombin i roto i te rōpū hāpu mutunga he teitei ake i tērā o te PT me te thromboplastin wāhanga whakahohe. He tairongo ake te wā (wā thromboplastin wāhanga whakahohe, APTT).

3. APTT:

Ko te wā thromboplastin wāhanga whakahohe ka whakamahia nuitia hei kite i ngā huringa o te mahi toto toto o te ara toto toto ā-roto. I raro i ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana, ko ngā āhuatanga toto toto matua e uru ana ki te ara toto toto ā-roto ko te XI, XII, VIII me te VI, ā, ko te āhuatanga toto toto XII he mea nui i roto i tēnei ara. Ka whai wāhi tahi a XI me XII, te prokallikrein me te excitogen taumaha ngota teitei ki te wāhanga whakapā o te toto toto. I muri i te whakahohenga o te wāhanga whakapā, ka whakahohehia te XI me te XII i ia wā, ā, ka tīmata te ara toto toto ā-roto. E whakaatu ana ngā pūrongo tuhinga, ki te whakaritea ki ngā wāhine kāore i te hapu, ka poto te wā thromboplastin wāhanga whakahohe i roto i te hapūtanga noa puta noa i te hapūtanga, ā, he poto ake ngā toru marama tuarua me tuatoru i ērā i te wā tōmua. Ahakoa i roto i te hapūtanga noa, ka piki ake ngā āhuatanga toto toto XII, VIII, X, me te XI me te pikinga o ngā wiki hapūtanga puta noa i te hapūtanga, nā te mea kāore pea te āhuatanga toto toto XI e rerekē i te rua me te tuatoru o ngā toru marama o te hapūtanga, ko te mahi toto toto katoa i waenganui me te mutunga o te hapūtanga, kāore i kitea ngā huringa.

4. Fibrinogen (Fg):

Hei glycoprotein, ka hangaia he peptide A me te peptide B i raro i te hydrolysis thrombin, ā, i te mutunga ka hangaia he fibrin kore-rewa hei aukati i te toto. He mahi nui tā te Fg i roto i te tukanga whakahiato pereti. Ina whakahohehia ngā pereti, ka hangaia te kaiwhakawhiwhi fibrinogen GP Ib/IIIa ki runga i te membrane, ā, ka hangaia ngā whakahiato pereti mā te hononga o te Fg, ā, i te mutunga ka hangaia he thrombus. Hei tāpiri, hei pūmua tauhohe tere, ko te pikinga o te kukū plasma o te Fg e tohu ana he tauhohenga mumura kei roto i ngā oko toto, ka pā ki te rheology toto, ā, koinei te mea matua e whakatau ana i te matotoru plasma. Ka whai wāhi tika ki te toto toto me te whakarei ake i te whakahiato pereti. Ina puta te preeclampsia, ka piki ake ngā taumata Fg, ā, ina kore e utua te mahi toto toto o te tinana, ka heke iho ngā taumata Fg. He maha ngā rangahau whakamuri kua whakaatu ko te taumata Fg i te wā e tomo ana ki te rūma whānau te tohu tino nui mō te matapae i te putanga mai o te toto toto i muri i te whānautanga. Ko te uara matapae pai ko te 100% [7]. I te toru o ngā marama, ko te Fg plasma he 3 ki te 6 g/L. I te wā e whakahohehia ana te toto totoka, ka ārai te Fg plasma teitei ake i te hypofibrinemia haumanu. Mēnā ka taea e te Fg plasma te whakarite i te mahi toto totoka noa, ina iti iho te Fg plasma i te 1.5 g/L, ā, i ngā wā kino rawa atu, iti iho te Fg i te 1 g/L, me aro nui ki te mōrearea o te DIC, me te arotake hihiri. I te arotahi ki ngā huringa e rua-ara o te Fg, e pā ana te ihirangi o te Fg ki te mahi a te thrombin, ā, he mea nui ki te tukanga o te whakakotahitanga pereti. I ngā wā he nui ake te Fg, me aro nui ki te tirotiro i ngā tohu e pā ana ki te hypercoagulability me ngā paturopi autoimmune [8]. I whakaritea e Gao Xiaoli rāua ko Niu Xiumin[9] te ihirangi Fg plasma o ngā wāhine hapū me te mate huka gestational me ngā wāhine hapū noa, ā, i kitea he hononga pai te ihirangi o te Fg ki te mahi thrombin. He āhua ki te thrombosis.