1. Ixesha leProthrombin (PT):

I-PT ibhekisela kwixesha elifunekayo lokuguqulwa kweprothrombin kwi-thrombin, ekhokelela kwi-plasma coagulation, ebonisa umsebenzi we-coagulation we-extrinsic coagulation pathway.I-PT igxininiswe kakhulu ngamanqanaba e-coagulation factor I, II, V, VII, kunye ne-X eyenziwe yisibindi.I-coagulation factor ephambili kwindlela ye-coagulation yangaphandle yi-factor VII, eyenza i-FVIIa-TF eyinkimbinkimbi kunye ne-tissue factor (TF)., eqala inkqubo yokudibanisa yangaphandle.I-PT yabasetyhini abakhulelweyo abaqhelekileyo mfutshane kunaleyo yabasetyhini abangakhulelwanga.Xa izinto X, V, II okanye I ziyancipha, i-PT inokwandiswa.I-PT ayikhathaleli ukungabikho kwento enye ye-coagulation.I-PT ithatha ixesha elide kakhulu xa i-concentration ye-prothrombin yehla ngaphantsi kwe-20% yezinga eliqhelekileyo kunye nezinto ezi-V, VII, kunye ne-X ziwela ngaphantsi kwe-35% yezinga eliqhelekileyo.I-PT yahlala ixesha elide ngaphandle kokubangela ukopha okungaqhelekanga.Ixesha elifutshane leprothrombin ngexesha lokukhulelwa libonakala kwisifo se-thromboembolic kunye ne-hypercoagulable states.Ukuba i-PT yi-3 ubude kunolawulo oluqhelekileyo, ukuxilongwa kwe-DIC kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo.

2. Ixesha le-Thrombin:

Ixesha le-Thrombin lixesha lokuguqulwa kwe-fibrinogen kwi-fibrin, enokubonisa umgangatho kunye nobuninzi be-fibrinogen egazini.Ixesha le-Thrombin lifutshane kubasetyhini abakhulelweyo abaqhelekileyo xa kuthelekiswa nabasetyhini abangakhulelwanga.Kwakungekho utshintsho olubalulekileyo kwixesha le-thrombin ngexesha lokukhulelwa.Ixesha le-Thrombin likwayiparameter enovakalelo kwiimveliso zokuthotywa kwe-fibrin kunye notshintsho kwinkqubo ye-fibrinolytic.Nangona ixesha le-thrombin lifutshane ngexesha lokukhulelwa, utshintsho phakathi kwamaxesha ahlukeneyo okukhulelwa alubalulekanga, olubonisa kwakhona ukuba ukusebenza kwenkqubo ye-fibrinolytic ekukhulelweni okuqhelekileyo kuphuculwe., ukulungelelanisa kunye nokuphucula umsebenzi we-coagulation.UWang Li et al [6] wenze uphononongo lokuthelekisa phakathi kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo abaqhelekileyo kunye nabasetyhini abangakhulelwanga.Iziphumo zovavanyo lwexesha le-thrombin zeqela labasetyhini abakhulelweyo emva kwexesha zazimfutshane kakhulu kunezo zeqela lolawulo kunye namaqela okukhulelwa okuqala kunye naphakathi, ebonisa ukuba isalathisi sexesha le-thrombin kwiqela lokukhulelwa kade laliphezulu kunelo le-PT kunye ne-activated partial thromboplastin.Ixesha (ixesha elisetyenzisiweyo le-thromboplastin, i-APTT) inobuthathaka ngakumbi.

3. I-APTT:

Ixesha elisetyenzisiweyo le-thromboplastin lisetyenziswa ikakhulu ukufumanisa utshintsho ekusebenzeni kwe-coagulation ye-intrinsic coagulation pathway.Ngaphantsi kweemeko ze-physiological, izinto eziphambili ze-coagulation ezibandakanyekayo kwindlela ye-intrinsic coagulation yi-XI, XII, VIII kunye ne-VI, apho i-coagulation factor XII yinto ebalulekileyo kule ndlela.I-XI kunye ne-XII, i-prokallikrein kunye ne-high molecular weight excitogen ngokudibeneyo bathatha inxaxheba kwisigaba soqhagamshelwano lwe-coagulation.Emva kokusebenza kwesigaba soqhagamshelwano, i-XI kunye ne-XII zisebenza ngokulandelelanayo, ngaloo ndlela ziqala umzila we-endogenous coagulation.Iingxelo zoncwadi zibonisa ukuba xa kuthelekiswa nabasetyhini abangakhulelwanga, ixesha elisetyenzisiweyo le-thromboplastin ekukhulelweni okuqhelekileyo lifinyezwa ngexesha lonke lokukhulelwa, kwaye i-trimester yesibini neyesithathu imfutshane kakhulu kunaleyo ikwinqanaba lokuqala.Nangona ekukhulelweni okuqhelekileyo, imiba ye-coagulation ye-XII, VIII, X, kunye ne-XI yonyuka ngokuhambelana nokunyuka kweeveki zokukhulelwa ngexesha lonke lokukhulelwa, ngenxa yokuba i-coagulation factor XI ayinakutshintsha kwi-trimester yesibini neyesithathu yokukhulelwa, yonke into eyenziwa yi-endogenous coagulation phakathi. kunye nokukhulelwa kade, utshintsho lwalungabonakali.

4. I-Fibrinogen (Fg):

Njenge-glycoprotein, yenza i-peptide A kunye ne-peptide B phantsi kwe-thrombin hydrolysis, kwaye ekugqibeleni yenza i-fibrin engenakunyibilika ukumisa ukopha.I-Fg idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokuhlanganiswa kweplatelet.Xa iiplatelet zisebenza, i-fibrinogen receptor GP Ib / IIIa yenziwe kwi-membrane, kwaye i-platelet aggregates yenziwa ngokudityaniswa kweFg, kwaye ekugqibeleni i-thrombus yenziwe.Ukongezelela, njengeprotheni esebenzayo, ukunyuka kwe-plasma concentration ye-Fg kubonisa ukuba kukho ukusabela kokuvuvukala kwimithanjeni yegazi, enokuchaphazela i-rheology yegazi kwaye iyona nto ibalulekileyo kwi-plasma viscosity.Ithatha inxaxheba ngokuthe ngqo kwi-coagulation kwaye iphucula ukuhlanganiswa kweplatelet.Xa i-preeclampsia isenzeka, amanqanaba e-Fg ayanda kakhulu, kwaye xa umsebenzi wokuqina womzimba uthotywa, amanqanaba eFg ekugqibeleni ehla.Inani elikhulu lezifundo ezihlaziyiweyo zibonise ukuba inqanaba leFg ngexesha lokungena kwigumbi lokuhambisa lilona phawu lunentsingiselo yokuqikelela ukwenzeka kwe-hemorrhage emva kokubeleka.Ixabiso eliqikelelwayo elincomekayo li-100% [7].Kwi-trimester yesithathu, i-plasma Fg idla ngokuba yi-3 ukuya kwi-6 g/L.Ngexesha lokusebenza kwe-coagulation, i-plasma ephezulu ye-Fg ikhusela i-hypofibrinemia yeklinikhi.Kuphela xa i-plasma Fg> 1.5 g / L inokuqinisekisa umsebenzi oqhelekileyo we-coagulation, xa i-plasma Fg <1.5 g / L, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima Fg <1 g / L, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe kumngcipheko we-DIC, kunye nokuhlaziywa okunamandla kufuneka kube. iqhutywe.Ukugxininisa kwiinguqu ze-bidirectional ze-Fg, umxholo we-Fg uhambelana nomsebenzi we-thrombin kwaye udlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokuhlanganiswa kweplatelet.Kwiimeko ezine-Fg ephakamileyo, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe ekuhlolweni kwezibonakaliso ezinxulumene ne-hypercoagulability kunye ne-antibodies autoimmune [8].UGao Xiaoli kunye no-Niu Xiumin [9] bathelekisa umxholo we-plasma Fg wabasetyhini abakhulelweyo abanesifo seswekile sokukhulelwa kunye nabasetyhini abakhulelweyo abaqhelekileyo, kwaye bafumanisa ukuba umxholo we-Fg wawunxibelelene kakuhle nomsebenzi we-thrombin.Kukho ukuthambekela kwi-thrombosis.