1. Nthawi ya Prothrombin (PT):

PT imatanthawuza nthawi yofunikira kuti prothrombin itembenuke kukhala thrombin, zomwe zimatsogolera ku plasma coagulation, kusonyeza ntchito ya coagulation ya extrinsic coagulation pathway.PT imatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi milingo ya coagulation factor I, II, V, VII, ndi X yopangidwa ndi chiwindi.Chinthu chofunika kwambiri cha coagulation mu extrinsic coagulation pathway ndi factor VII, yomwe imapanga FVIIa-TF complex with tissue factor (TF)., zomwe zimayambitsa njira ya kunja kwa coagulation.PT ya amayi oyembekezera omwe ali ndi pakati ndi yaifupi kuposa ya amayi omwe sali oyembekezera.Pamene zinthu X, V, II kapena I zichepa, PT ikhoza kukhala yaitali.PT sichikhudzidwa ndi kusowa kwa coagulation factor imodzi.PT imatalika kwambiri pamene ndende ya prothrombin imatsika pansi pa 20% ya mlingo wabwinobwino ndipo zinthu V, VII, ndi X zimagwera pansi pa 35% ya mlingo wabwinobwino.PT inatalika kwambiri popanda kuyambitsa magazi osadziwika bwino.Kufupikitsa nthawi ya prothrombin pa nthawi ya mimba kumawonedwa mu thromboembolic matenda ndi hypercoagulable states.Ngati PT ndi yaitali 3s kuposa ulamuliro wamba, matenda a DIC ayenera kuganiziridwa.

2. Nthawi ya Thrombin:

Nthawi ya Thrombin ndi nthawi yosinthira fibrinogen kukhala fibrin, yomwe imatha kuwonetsa mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa fibrinogen m'magazi.Nthawi ya thrombin imafupikitsidwa mwa amayi apakati omwe ali ndi pakati poyerekeza ndi omwe alibe.Panalibe kusintha kwakukulu mu nthawi ya thrombin panthawi yonse ya mimba.Nthawi ya Thrombin ndi gawo lodziwikiratu la zinthu zowononga ma fibrin komanso kusintha kwa fibrinolytic system.Ngakhale kuti nthawi ya thrombin imafupikitsidwa panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati, kusintha pakati pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana za mimba sikofunikira, zomwe zimasonyezanso kuti kutsegula kwa fibrinolytic mu mimba yabwino kumawonjezeka., kulinganiza ndi kupititsa patsogolo ntchito ya coagulation.Wang Li et al[6] adachita kafukufuku woyerekeza pakati pa amayi omwe ali ndi pakati ndi omwe alibe.Zotsatira za kuyesa kwa nthawi ya thrombin za gulu la amayi oyembekezera mochedwa zinali zazifupi kwambiri kuposa za gulu lolamulira komanso magulu apakati ndi oyambirira a mimba, kusonyeza kuti chiwerengero cha nthawi ya thrombin mu gulu la mimba mochedwa chinali chachikulu kuposa cha PT ndi activated partial thromboplastin.Nthawi (yokhazikitsidwa pang'ono ya thromboplastin nthawi, APTT) imakhala yovuta kwambiri.

3. APTT:

Nthawi yokhazikika ya thromboplastin imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuzindikira kusintha kwa coagulation ya intrinsic coagulation pathway.Pansi pa zochitika za thupi, zinthu zazikuluzikulu za coagulation zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi njira ya intrinsic coagulation ndi XI, XII, VIII ndi VI, zomwe coagulation factor XII ndizofunikira kwambiri panjirayi.XI ndi XII, prokallikrein ndi mkulu molekyulu kulemera excitogen nawo limodzi mu gawo kukhudzana coagulation.Pambuyo pa kutsegulidwa kwa gawo lolumikizana, XI ndi XII amalowetsedwa motsatizana, potero amayamba njira yolumikizirana yokhazikika.Malipoti olembedwa akuwonetsa kuti poyerekeza ndi amayi omwe sali oyembekezera, nthawi yokhazikika ya thromboplastin pamimba yokhazikika imafupikitsidwa panthawi yonse yapakati, ndipo trimester yachiwiri ndi yachitatu imakhala yayifupi kwambiri kuposa yomwe ili mu gawo loyambirira.Ngakhale mu mimba yachibadwa, coagulation factor XII, VIII, X, ndi XI ikuwonjezeka mofanana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa masabata oyembekezera nthawi yonse yomwe ali ndi pakati, chifukwa coagulation factor XI sichingasinthe mu trimesters yachiwiri ndi yachitatu ya mimba, ntchito yonse ya amkati ya coagulation pakati. ndi mimba mochedwa, zosintha sanali zoonekeratu.

4. Fibrinogen (Fg):

Monga glycoprotein, imapanga peptide A ndi peptide B pansi pa thrombin hydrolysis, ndipo pamapeto pake imapanga insoluble fibrin kuti asiye magazi.Fg imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuphatikizana kwa mapulateleti.Mapulateleti akatsegulidwa, fibrinogen receptor GP Ib/IIIa imapangidwa pa nembanemba, ndipo magulu a mapulateleti amapangidwa kudzera pakulumikizana kwa Fg, ndipo pamapeto pake thrombus imapangidwa.Kuphatikiza apo, monga puloteni yogwira ntchito kwambiri, kuwonjezeka kwa plasma ndende ya Fg kukuwonetsa kuti pali kutupa m'mitsempha yamagazi, yomwe ingakhudze rheology ya magazi ndipo ndiyomwe imayambitsa kukhuthala kwa plasma.Amatenga nawo gawo mwachindunji mu coagulation ndikuwonjezera kuphatikizika kwa mapulateleti.Pamene preeclampsia ichitika, ma Fg amawonjezeka kwambiri, ndipo pamene ntchito ya coagulation ya thupi imachepa, Fg imachepa.Kafukufuku wambiri wobwerera m'mbuyo awonetsa kuti mlingo wa Fg pa nthawi yolowa m'chipinda choperekera ndi chizindikiro chodziwika bwino chowonetseratu zomwe zimachitika pambuyo pobereka.Mtengo wolosera wabwino ndi 100% [7].Mu trimester yachitatu, plasma Fg nthawi zambiri imakhala 3 mpaka 6 g/L.Pamene kutsegula kwa coagulation, mkulu plasma Fg amalepheretsa matenda hypofibrinemia.Pokhapokha pamene madzi a m'magazi Fg> 1.5 g/L angawonetsetse kugwira ntchito kwabwinobwino, pamene plasma Fg <1.5 g/L, ndipo pazovuta kwambiri Fg <1 g/L, chidwi chiyenera kuperekedwa ku chiopsezo cha DIC, ndipo kuwunika kwamphamvu kuyenera kuchitidwa. zidachitidwa.Kuyang'ana pakusintha kwapawiri kwa Fg, zomwe zili mu Fg zimagwirizana ndi ntchito ya thrombin ndipo zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuphatikizana kwa mapulateleti.Pakakhala Fg yokwezeka, chidwi chiyenera kuperekedwa pakuwunika kwa zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi hypercoagulability ndi ma antibodies autoimmune [8].Gao Xiaoli ndi Niu Xiumin[9] anayerekeza zomwe zili m'madzi a m'magazi Fg mwa amayi apakati omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a gestational ndi amayi apakati omwe ali ndi pakati, ndipo adapeza kuti zomwe zili mu Fg zinali zogwirizana ndi zochitika za thrombin.Pali chizolowezi cha thrombosis.