1. Ixesha le-Prothrombin (PT):

I-PT ibhekisa kwixesha elifunekayo lokuguqulwa kwe-prothrombin ibe yi-thrombin, nto leyo ekhokelela ekujikeni kwe-plasma, ebonisa umsebenzi wokujikaniza kwendlela yokujikaniza yangaphandle. I-PT imiselwa kakhulu ngamanqanaba e-coagulation factors I, II, V, VII, kunye ne-X ezenziwe sisibindi. Into ephambili yokujikaniza kwindlela yokujikaniza yangaphandle yi-factor VII, eyenza i-FVIIa-TF complex ene-tissue factor (TF). , eqala inkqubo yokujikaniza yangaphandle. I-PT yabasetyhini abakhulelweyo abaqhelekileyo imfutshane kuneyabasetyhini abangakhulelwanga. Xa izinto X, V, II okanye I zincipha, i-PT inokwandiswa. I-PT ayinangxaki nokungabikho kwe-coagulation factor enye. I-PT iyanda kakhulu xa uxinzelelo lwe-prothrombin luhla ngaphantsi kwe-20% yenqanaba eliqhelekileyo kwaye izinto V, VII, kunye ne-X ziwela ngaphantsi kwe-35% yenqanaba eliqhelekileyo. I-PT yandiswa kakhulu ngaphandle kokubangela ukopha okungaqhelekanga. Ixesha elifutshane le-prothrombin ngexesha lokukhulelwa libonakala kwisifo se-thromboembolic kunye neemeko ezinokubangela ukuxinana kwegazi. Ukuba i-PT inde ngemizuzwana emi-3 kunolawulo oluqhelekileyo, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ukuxilongwa kwe-DIC.

2. Ixesha leTrombin:

Ixesha le-Thrombin lixesha lokuguqulwa kwe-fibrinogen ibe yi-fibrin, enokubonisa umgangatho kunye nobungakanani be-fibrinogen egazini. Ixesha le-Thrombin lifinyezwa kubafazi abakhulelweyo abaqhelekileyo xa kuthelekiswa nabasetyhini abangakhulelwanga. Akukho tshintsho lubalulekileyo kwixesha le-thrombin kulo lonke ixesha lokukhulelwa. Ixesha le-Thrombin likwayiparameter ebucayi yeemveliso zokonakala kwe-fibrin kunye notshintsho kwinkqubo ye-fibrinolytic. Nangona ixesha le-thrombin lifinyezwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa, utshintsho phakathi kwamaxesha ahlukeneyo okukhulelwa alubalulekanga, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba ukusebenza kwenkqubo ye-fibrinolytic kukukhulelwa okuqhelekileyo kuyaphuculwa. , ukulinganisela nokuphucula umsebenzi wokujiya. UWang Li et al[6] benze uphando oluthelekisayo phakathi kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo abaqhelekileyo kunye nabasetyhini abangakhulelwanga. Iziphumo zovavanyo lwexesha le-thrombin zeqela labasetyhini abakhulelweyo abasandul’ ukuzalwa zazifutshane kakhulu kunezo zeqela lolawulo kunye namaqela okukhulelwa kwasekuqaleni naphakathi, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba isalathisi sexesha le-thrombin kwiqela lokukhulelwa elisandul’ ukukhulelwa laliphezulu kunele-PT kunye ne-activated partial thromboplastin. Ixesha (ixesha le-activated partial thromboplastin, i-APTT) liba novakalelo ngakumbi.

3. I-APTT:

Ixesha le-activated partial thromboplastin lisetyenziswa kakhulu ukubona utshintsho kumsebenzi we-coagulation we-intrinsic coagulation pathway. Phantsi kweemeko ze-physiological, izinto eziphambili ze-coagulation ezibandakanyekayo kwindlela ye-intrinsic coagulation yi-XI, XII, VIII kunye ne-VI, apho i-coagulation factor XII iyinto ebalulekileyo kule ndlela. I-XI kunye ne-XII, i-prokallikrein kunye ne-high molecular weight excitogen zibandakanyeka kunye kwisigaba soqhagamshelwano se-coagulation. Emva kokusebenza kwesigaba soqhagamshelwano, i-XI kunye ne-XII ziyavuselelwa ngokulandelelana, ngaloo ndlela ziqala indlela ye-endogenous coagulation. Iingxelo zoncwadi zibonisa ukuba xa kuthelekiswa nabasetyhini abangakhulelwanga, ixesha le-activated partial thromboplastin kukukhulelwa okuqhelekileyo lifinyezwa kulo lonke ixesha lokukhulelwa, kwaye i-trimesters yesibini neyesithathu zifutshane kakhulu kunezo zikwinqanaba lokuqala. Nangona kukukhulelwa okuqhelekileyo, izinto ze-coagulation XII, VIII, X, kunye ne-XI ziyanda ngokuhambelana nokwanda kweeveki zokukhulelwa kulo lonke ixesha lokukhulelwa, kuba i-coagulation factor XI isenokungatshintshi kwi-trimesters yesibini neyesithathu yokukhulelwa, yonke i-endogen coagulation function Kukukhulelwa okuphakathi kunye nokusekupheleni, utshintsho belungacacanga.

4. I-Fibrinogen (Fg):

Njenge-glycoprotein, yenza i-peptide A kunye ne-peptide B phantsi kwe-thrombin hydrolysis, kwaye ekugqibeleni yenza i-fibrin enganyibilikiyo ukuze iyeke ukopha. I-Fg idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokuhlanganiswa kwe-platelet. Xa ii-platelet zisebenza, i-fibrinogen receptor GP Ib/IIIa yenziwa kwi-membrane, kwaye ii-platelet aggregates zenziwa ngokudityaniswa kwe-Fg, kwaye ekugqibeleni kwenziwa i-thrombus. Ukongeza, njengeproteni ephendula ngokukhawuleza, ukwanda koxinzelelo lwe-plasma ye-Fg kubonisa ukuba kukho impendulo yokuvuvukala kwimithambo yegazi, enokuchaphazela i-rheology yegazi kwaye yeyona nto iphambili kwi-plasma viscosity. Ithatha inxaxheba ngokuthe ngqo ekujikeni kwaye iphucula ukuhlanganiswa kwe-platelet. Xa i-preeclampsia isenzeka, amanqanaba e-Fg ayanda kakhulu, kwaye xa umsebenzi wokuqina komzimba uncitshiswa, amanqanaba e-Fg ekugqibeleni ayehla. Inani elikhulu lezifundo ezijonga emva kwexesha libonise ukuba inqanaba le-Fg ngexesha lokungena kwigumbi lokubeleka lelona phawu libalulekileyo lokuqikelela ukwenzeka kokuphuma kwegazi emva kokuzalwa. Ixabiso eliqikelelweyo elilungileyo liyi-100% [7]. Kwi-trimester yesithathu, i-plasma Fg ngokubanzi iphakathi kwe-3 ukuya kwi-6 g/L. Ngexesha lokusebenza kwe-coagulation, i-plasma Fg ephezulu ithintela i-hypofibrinemia yeklinikhi. Kuphela xa i-plasma Fg>1.5 g/L inokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwe-coagulation, xa i-plasma Fg<1.5 g/L, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima i-Fg<1 g/L, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe umngcipheko we-DIC, kwaye kufuneka kuhlolwe ngokuguquguqukayo. Ukugxila kutshintsho lwe-Fg olujikelezayo, umxholo we-Fg unxulumene nomsebenzi we-thrombin kwaye udlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokuhlanganiswa kweplatelet. Kwimeko ene-Fg ephezulu, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ukuvavanywa kwezalathisi ezinxulumene ne-hypercoagulability kunye nee-antibodies ze-autoimmune [8]. UGao Xiaoli kunye noNiu Xiumin[9] bathelekise umxholo we-plasma Fg wabasetyhini abakhulelweyo abane-mellitus yesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa kunye nabasetyhini abakhulelweyo abaqhelekileyo, kwaye bafumanisa ukuba umxholo we-Fg wawunxulumene kakuhle nomsebenzi we-thrombin. Kukho ukuthambekela kwe-thrombosis.