Enhliziyweni noma emthanjeni wegazi ophilayo, izingxenye ezithile egazini ziyajiya noma zijiyane ukuze zakhe i-solid mass, ebizwa ngokuthi i-thrombosis. I-solid mass eyakhekayo ibizwa ngokuthi i-thrombus.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, kunesistimu yokujiya kwegazi kanye nesistimu yokulwa nokujiya kwegazi (uhlelo lwe-fibrinolysis, noma uhlelo lwe-fibrinolysis ngamafuphi) egazini, futhi kugcinwa ibhalansi enamandla phakathi kwalokhu okubili, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi igazi lijikeleza ohlelweni lwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi esimweni soketshezi.
Izinto ezibangela ukujiya kwegazi ziyaqhubeka nokusebenza, futhi kukhiqizwa inani elincane le-thrombin ukuze kwakheke inani elincane le-fibrin, elibekwa ku-intima yomthambo wegazi, bese lincibilikiswa uhlelo lwe-fibrinolytic olusebenzayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinto ezibangela ukujiya kwegazi ezibangelwa igazi nazo ziyaqhubeka nokususwa futhi zisulwe uhlelo lwe-mononuclear macrophage.
Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kwezimo ze-pathological, ibhalansi eguquguqukayo phakathi kokujiya kwegazi kanye nokuvimbela ukujiya kwegazi iyaphazamiseka, umsebenzi wohlelo lokujiya kwegazi uyabusa, futhi igazi liyajiya ohlelweni lwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi ukuze kwakheke i-thrombus.
I-Thrombosis ivame ukuba nezimo ezintathu ezilandelayo:
1. Inhliziyo nemithambo yegazi ngesikhathi sokulimala okuseduze
I-intima yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi evamile iphelele futhi ibushelelezi, futhi amaseli e-endothelial aphelele angavimbela ukunamathela kwama-platelet kanye nokuvimbela ukujiya kwegazi. Lapho ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi lonakele, uhlelo lokujiya kwegazi lungenziwa lusebenze ngezindlela eziningi.
I-intima yokuqala eyonakele ikhipha i-tissue coagulation factor (i-coagulation factor III), evuselela uhlelo lwe-extrinsic coagulation.
Okwesibili, ngemva kokuba i-intima yonakele, amaseli e-endothelial ayawohloka, aqhume, futhi aphume, eveza imicu ye-collagen ngaphansi kwe-endothelium, ngaleyo ndlela asebenze i-coagulation factor XII yesistimu ye-endogenous coagulation futhi aqale uhlelo lwe-endogenous coagulation. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-intima eyonakele iba yimbi, okusiza ekufakweni nasekunamatheleni kwe-platelet. Ngemva kokuba ama-platelet anamathele eqhumile, kukhishwa izinto ezahlukahlukene ze-platelet, futhi yonke inqubo ye-coagulation iyasebenza, okubangela ukuba igazi liqhume futhi lakhe i-thrombus.
Izici ezahlukahlukene zomzimba, zamakhemikhali kanye nezamakhemikhali zingabangela umonakalo ku-intima yenhliziyo, njenge-endocarditis kuma-erysipelas ezingulube, i-pulmonary vasculitis kuma-bovine pneumonia, i-equine parasitic arteritis, imijovo ephindaphindwayo engxenyeni efanayo yomthambo, Ukulimala kanye nokubhobozwa kodonga lwemithambo yegazi ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa.
2. Izinguquko esimweni sokugeleza kwegazi
Ngokuyinhloko kubhekisela ekugelezeni kwegazi okuhamba kancane, ukwakheka kwe-vortex kanye nokuphela kokugeleza kwegazi.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, izinga lokugeleza kwegazi liyashesha, futhi amaseli abomvu egazi, ama-platelet nezinye izingxenye zigxile enkabeni yomthambo wegazi, okubizwa ngokuthi ukugeleza kwe-axial; lapho izinga lokugeleza kwegazi lehla, amaseli abomvu egazi nama-platelet azogeleza eduze kodonga lomthambo wegazi, okubizwa ngokuthi ukugeleza ohlangothini, okwandisa ingozi yokushaqeka kwegazi.
Ukugeleza kwegazi kuyehla, kanti amaseli e-endothelial anciphile kakhulu, okubangela ukuwohloka kanye ne-necrosis yamaseli e-endothelial, ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi wawo wokuhlanganisa nokukhulula izinto ezilwa nokuqina kwegazi, kanye nokuvezwa kwe-collagen, evuselela uhlelo lokujiya kwegazi futhi ikhuthaze i-thrombosis.
Ukugeleza kwegazi okuhamba kancane kungenza futhi i-thrombus eyakhiwe ibe lula ukuyilungisa odongeni lwemithambo yegazi futhi iqhubeke nokukhula.
Ngakho-ke, i-thrombus ivame ukwenzeka emithanjeni yegazi ehamba kancane futhi evame ukuba nemisinga egelezayo (kuma-valve emithambo). Ukugeleza kwegazi le-Aortic kuyashesha, futhi i-thrombus ayibonakali kakhulu. Ngokwezibalo, ukuvela kwe-venous thrombosis kuphindwe kane kunokwe-arterial thrombosis, futhi i-venous thrombosis ivame ukwenzeka ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo, ngemva kokuhlinzwa noma ezilwaneni ezigulayo ezilele esidlekeni isikhathi eside.
Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusiza izilwane ezigulayo ebezilele phansi isikhathi eside nangemva kokuhlinzwa ukuba zenze imisebenzi ethile efanele ukuvimbela i-thrombosis.
3. Izinguquko ezakhiweni zegazi.
Ngokuyinhloko kubhekisela ekuqineni kwegazi. Njengokusha okukhulu, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, njll. ukugxila kwegazi, ukulimala okukhulu, ngemva kokubeletha, kanye nokulahlekelwa igazi okukhulu ngemva kokuhlinzwa okukhulu kungandisa inani lama-platelet egazini, kwandise ukujiya kwegazi, futhi kwandise okuqukethwe yi-fibrinogen, i-thrombin nezinye izinto ezijiya egazini. Ukwanda. Lezi zinto zingakhuthaza i-thrombosis.
Isifinyezo
Lezi zici ezintathu ezingenhla zivame ukuhlangana ndawonye enkambisweni ye-thrombosis futhi zithintane, kodwa isici esithile sidlala indima enkulu ezigabeni ezahlukene ze-thrombosis.
Ngakho-ke, emtholampilo, kungenzeka ukuvimbela i-thrombosis ngokuziqonda kahle izimo ze-thrombosis nokuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele ngokwesimo sangempela. Njengokuthi inqubo yokuhlinzwa kufanele inake ukuhlinzwa okuthambile, kufanele izame ukugwema ukulimala kwemithambo yegazi. Ukuze uthole umjovo we-intravenous wesikhathi eside, gwema ukusebenzisa indawo efanayo, njll.
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