(1) I-D-dimer
Njengomkhiqizo wokuwohloka kwe-fibrin exhumene, i-D-dimer iyinkomba evamile ebonisa ukusebenza kwe-coagulation kanye ne-hyperfibrinolysis yesibili.Ezigulini ezine-COVID-19, amazinga e-D-dimer aphakeme awumaka obalulekile wezinkinga ezingase zibe khona ze-coagulation.Amazinga e-D-dimer nawo ahlobene eduze nokuqina kwesifo, futhi iziguli ezine-D-dimer ephakeme kakhulu lapho zamukelwa ziba nokubikezelwa okubi kakhulu.Imihlahlandlela evela ku-International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis (ISTH) incoma ukuthi i-D-dimer ephakeme ngokuphawulekayo (imvamisa engaphezu kuka-3 noma 4 umkhawulo ongaphezulu kovamile) ingaba inkomba yokulaliswa esibhedlela ezigulini ze-COVID-19, ngemuva kokukhishwa kwezidakamizwa. I-Anticoagulation ngemithamo ye-prophylactic ye-heparin enesisindo esiphansi kufanele inikezwe iziguli ezinjalo ngokushesha okukhulu.Lapho i-D-dimer ikhuphuka kancane kancane futhi kunokusola okuphezulu kwe-venous thrombosis noma i-microvascular embolism, i-anticoagulation ngemithamo yokwelapha ye-heparin kufanele icatshangelwe.

Yize i-D-dimer ephakeme ingase futhi iphakamise i-hyperfibrinolysis, ukuthambekela ukopha ezigulini ze-COVID-19 ezine-D-dimer ephakeme ngokuphawulekayo akuvamile ngaphandle kokuthi kuthuthukele esigabeni esicacile se-DIC hypocoagulable, okusikisela ukuthi i-COVID-19 Uhlelo lwe-fibrinolytic lwe-19 lusavinjelwe kakhulu.Olunye umaka oluhlobene ne-fibrin, okungukuthi, ukuthambekela koshintsho lwezinga le-FDP kanye nezinga le-D-dimer lalifana ngokuyisisekelo.

 

(2) PT
I-Prolonged PT nayo iyinkomba yokuphazamiseka okungenzeka kwe-coagulation ezigulini ze-COVID-19 futhi kuboniswe ukuthi kuhlotshaniswa nokubikezela okubi.Esigabeni sokuqala sokuphazamiseka kwe-coagulation ku-COVID-19, iziguli ezine-PT zimvamisa zijwayelekile noma azijwayelekile kangako, kanti i-PT ende esikhathini se-hypercoagulable imvamisa ikhombisa ukwenziwa kusebenze kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezici ze-exogenous coagulation, kanye nokwehla kwe-fibrin polymerization, ngakho futhi i-anticoagulation yokuvimbela.enye yezinkomba.Kodwa-ke, lapho i-PT iqhubeka isikhathi eside kakhulu, ikakhulukazi lapho isiguli sinezibonakaliso zokopha, kubonisa ukuthi ukuphazamiseka kwe-coagulation kungene esigabeni esiphansi se-coagulation, noma isiguli siyinkimbinkimbi ngenxa yokuntuleka kwesibindi, ukuntuleka kwe-vitamin K, ukudlula ngokweqile kwe-anticoagulant, njll., Ukumpontshelwa kwe-plasma kufanele kucatshangelwe.Okunye ukwelashwa.Enye into yokuhlola i-coagulation, i-activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), igcinwa kakhulu ezingeni elivamile phakathi nesigaba se-hypercoagulable se-coagulation disorders, okungenzeka kubangelwe ukuphinda kusebenze kabusha kwe-factor VIII esimweni sokuvuvukala.

 

(3) Ukubalwa kwamaplatelet nokuhlolwa komsebenzi
Yize ukwenziwa kusebenze kwe-coagulation kungaholela ekwehleni kokusetshenziswa kweplatelet, ukwehla kwezibalo zamaplatelet akuvamile ezigulini ze-COVID-19, okungenzeka kuhlobane nokukhululwa okwengeziwe kwe-thrombopoietin, i-IL-6, ama-cytokines akhuthaza ukusebenza kabusha kweplatelet ezifundeni ezivuvukalayo Ngakho-ke, inani eliphelele isibalo se-platelet asiyona inkomba ebucayi ebonisa ukuphazamiseka kokuhlangana ku-COVID-19, futhi kungase kubaluleke kakhulu ukunaka izinguquko zayo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwehla kwenani leplatelet kuhlotshaniswa kakhulu nokungabikezeli kahle futhi kungenye yezinkomba ze-prophylactic anticoagulation.Kodwa-ke, lapho isibalo sincishiswa kakhulu (isb, <50×109/L), futhi isiguli sinezibonakaliso zokopha, ukumpontshelwa kwengxenye yeplatelet kufanele kucatshangelwe.

Ngokufana nemiphumela yocwaningo lwangaphambilini ezigulini ezine-sepsis, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kweplatelet ye-in vitro ezigulini ze-COVID-19 ezinokuphazamiseka kwe-coagulation ngokuvamile kuletha imiphumela ephansi, kodwa ama-platelet angempela ezigulini avame ukwenziwa asebenze, okungase kudalwe umsebenzi ophansi.Ama-platelet aphezulu aqala ukusetshenziswa futhi adliwe yinqubo yokuhlangana, futhi umsebenzi ohlobene wamaplatelet ekujikelezeni okuqoqiwe uphansi.

 

(4) I-FIB
Njengeprotein ye-acute phase reaction, iziguli ezine-COVID-19 zivame ukuba namazinga aphezulu e-FIB esigabeni esibucayi sokutheleleka, okungahlobene nje nobunzima bokuvuvukala, kepha i-FIB ephakeme kakhulu nayo iyisici esiyingozi se-thrombosis, ngakho-ke. ingasetshenziswa njenge-COVID-19 Enye yezinkomba ze-anticoagulation ezigulini.Kodwa-ke, lapho isiguli sinokuncipha okuqhubekayo kwe-FIB, kungase kubonise ukuthi ukuphazamiseka kwe-coagulation kuye kwaqhubekela esigabeni se-hypocoagulable, noma isiguli sinokuhluleka okukhulu kwe-hepatic, okwenzeka kakhulu ekupheleni kwesifo, lapho i-FIB<1.5 g /L futhi kuhambisane nokopha, ukumnika kwe-FIB kufanele kucatshangelwe.