(1) I-D-dimer
Njengemveliso yokuwohloka kwe-fibrin edityanisiweyo, i-D-dimer sisalathisi esiqhelekileyo esibonisa ukusebenza kwe-coagulation kunye ne-hyperfibrinolysis yesibini. Kwizigulane ezine-COVID-19, amanqanaba aphezulu e-D-dimer luphawu olubalulekileyo lweengxaki ezinokubakho ze-coagulation. Amanqanaba e-D-dimer anxulumene ngokusondeleyo nobunzima besifo, kwaye izigulane ezine-D-dimer ephezulu kakhulu xa zingeniswa zinoqikelelo olubi. Izikhokelo ezivela kwi-International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis (ISTH) zicebisa ukuba i-D-dimer ephezulu kakhulu (ngokubanzi ngaphezulu kwe-3 okanye i-4 kumda ophezulu wesiqhelo) inokuba luphawu lokulaliswa esibhedlele kwizigulane ze-COVID-19, emva kokukhutshwa kwezithintelo. I-Anticoagulation ene-prophylactic doses ye-heparin ephantsi-molecular-weight kufuneka inikwe izigulane ezinjalo ngokukhawuleza. Xa i-D-dimer inyuswa ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye kukho ukurhanelwa okuphezulu kwe-venous thrombosis okanye i-microvascular embolism, i-anticoagulation ene-therapy doses ye-heparin kufuneka iqwalaselwe.

Nangona i-D-dimer ephezulu isenokubonisa i-hyperfibrinolysis, ukuthambekela kokopha kwizigulane ze-COVID-19 ezine-D-dimer ephezulu kakhulu akuqhelekanga ngaphandle kokuba zidlulela kwisigaba se-DIC esingaqiniyo, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba i-COVID-19 Inkqubo ye-fibrinolytic ye--19 isathintelwe kakhulu. Olunye uphawu olunxulumene ne-fibrin, oko kukuthi, utshintsho lwenqanaba le-FDP kunye nenqanaba le-D-dimer lwalufana.

 

(2) I-PT
I-PT ende ikwaluphawu lweengxaki zokujiya kwegazi ezinokubakho kwizigulana ze-COVID-19 kwaye ibonakalisiwe ukuba inxulunyaniswa nokubikezela okubi. Kwinqanaba lokuqala lengxaki yokujiya kwegazi kwi-COVID-19, izigulana ezine-PT zihlala ziqhelekile okanye zingaqhelekanga, kwaye i-PT ende kwixesha lokujiya kwegazi idla ngokubonisa ukusebenza kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto zokujiya kwegazi zangaphandle, kunye nokucotha kwe-fibrin polymerization, ngoko ke ikwayindlela yokuthintela ukujiya kwegazi. Enye yeempawu. Nangona kunjalo, xa i-PT iqhubeka ixesha elide kakhulu, ngakumbi xa isigulana sineempawu zokopha, ibonisa ukuba ingxaki yokujiya kwegazi ifikelele kwinqanaba eliphantsi lokujiya kwegazi, okanye isigulana sinzima kukungasebenzi kakuhle kwesibindi, ukungabikho kwe-vitamin K, i-anticoagulant overdose, njl.njl., kwaye kufuneka kuqwalaselwe utofelo-gazi. Olunye unyango. Enye into yokuvavanya ukujiya kwegazi, ixesha le-thromboplastin elisebenzayo (APTT), ligcinwa kakhulu kwinqanaba eliqhelekileyo ngexesha le-hypercoagulable leengxaki zokujiya kwegazi, ezinokubangelwa kukwanda kwe-reactivity ye-factor VIII kwimeko yokuvuvukala.

 

(3) Uvavanyo lobalo lweeplatelet kunye nomsebenzi
Nangona ukusebenza kwe-coagulation kunokukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kweplatelet, ukwehla kwenani leplatelet akuqhelekanga kwizigulana ze-COVID-19, okunokunxulunyaniswa nokukhululwa okwandisiweyo kwe-thrombopoietin, IL-6, ii-cytokines ezikhuthaza ukusabela kweplatelet kwiimeko zokudumba. Ngoko ke, ixabiso elipheleleyo lenani leplatelet alilophawu olubuthathaka olubonisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-coagulation kwi-COVID-19, kwaye kunokuba luncedo ngakumbi ukunaka utshintsho lwayo. Ukongeza, ukwehla kwenani leplatelet kunxulunyaniswa kakhulu ne-prognosis embi kwaye kukwayenye yeempawu zokuthintela i-coagulation. Nangona kunjalo, xa inani linciphile kakhulu (umz., <50×109/L), kwaye isigulana sineempawu zokopha, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ukufakelwa kwe-platelet component.

Ngokufanayo neziphumo zophando lwangaphambili kwizigulana ezine-sepsis, uvavanyo lomsebenzi weeplatelet kwi-vitro kwizigulana ze-COVID-19 ezineengxaki zokujiya kwegazi zihlala zivelisa iziphumo eziphantsi, kodwa iiplatelet zokwenyani kwizigulana zihlala zisebenza, nto leyo enokubangelwa ngumsebenzi ophantsi. Iiplatelet eziphezulu ziqala zisetyenziswe kwaye zisetyenziswe yinkqubo yokujiya kwegazi, kwaye umsebenzi ohambelanayo weeplatelet kumjikelezo oqokelelweyo uphantsi.

 

(4) I-FIB
Njengeprotheyini ye-acute phase reaction, izigulane ezine-COVID-19 zihlala zinamanqanaba aphezulu e-FIB kwisigaba sosulelo olukhawulezileyo, olungahambelani nje nobunzima bokudumba, kodwa ne-FIB ephakame kakhulu ngokwayo ikwangunobangela womngcipheko we-thrombosis, ngoko ke ingasetyenziswa njenge-COVID-19 Enye yeempawu zokuthintela ukujiya kwegazi kwizigulane. Nangona kunjalo, xa isigulane sincipha kancinci kwi-FIB, oko kunokubonisa ukuba isifo sokujiya kwegazi siye safikelela kwinqanaba elingajiya igazi, okanye isigulane sinokungasebenzi kakuhle kwesibindi, okwenzeke kakhulu kwinqanaba lokugqibela lesifo, xa i-FIB <1.5 g/L kwaye ihamba nokopha, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ukufakwa kwe-FIB.