(1) D-dimer
A matsayin samfurin lalacewar fibrin mai haɗin gwiwa, D-dimer wata alama ce da aka saba gani wadda ke nuna kunna coagulation da kuma hyperfibrinolysis na biyu. A cikin marasa lafiya da ke fama da COVID-19, matakan D-dimer masu yawa suna da muhimmiyar alama ga yiwuwar matsalolin coagulation. Matakan D-dimer suma suna da alaƙa da tsananin cutar, kuma marasa lafiya da ke da D-dimer mai yawa lokacin da aka kwantar da su suna da mummunan hasashen. Jagororin daga Ƙungiyar Duniya ta Thrombosis da Hemostasis (ISTH) sun ba da shawarar cewa D-dimer mai yawa (gabaɗaya fiye da sau 3 ko 4 na sama na iyaka na al'ada) na iya zama alama don a kwantar da marasa lafiya a asibiti a COVID-19, bayan an cire abubuwan da ba su dace ba. Ya kamata a ba wa marasa lafiya maganin hana coagulation tare da allurai masu ƙarancin ƙwayoyin cuta na heparin da wuri-wuri. Idan D-dimer ya karu a hankali kuma akwai babban zargin cewa akwai thrombosis na jijiyoyin jini ko embolism na ƙwayoyin cuta, ya kamata a yi la'akari da maganin hana coagulation tare da allurai na heparin.

Duk da cewa yawan D-dimer yana iya nuna hyperfibrinolysis, yawan zubar jini a cikin marasa lafiya da ke fama da COVID-19 tare da D-dimer mai girma sosai ba kasafai ake samunsa ba sai dai idan ya kai matakin DIC hypocoagulable, wanda ke nuna cewa COVID-19. Tsarin fibrinolytic na -19 har yanzu yana da ƙarfi sosai. Wani alamar da ke da alaƙa da fibrin, wato, canjin matakin FDP da matakin D-dimer iri ɗaya ne.

 

(2) PT
Tsawon PT shi ma alama ce ta yiwuwar matsalolin coagulation a cikin marasa lafiya na COVID-19 kuma an nuna yana da alaƙa da rashin kyakkyawan hasashen. A farkon matakin coagulation a cikin COVID-19, marasa lafiya da PT yawanci al'ada ne ko kuma ba su da matsala kaɗan, kuma tsawon PT a cikin lokacin coagulation yawanci yana nuna kunnawa da shan abubuwan coagulation na waje, da kuma raguwar fibrin polymerization, don haka shi ma rigakafin coagulation ne. ɗaya daga cikin alamun. Duk da haka, lokacin da aka ƙara tsawaita PT sosai, musamman lokacin da majiyyaci ke da alamun zubar jini, yana nuna cewa matsalar coagulation ta shiga matakin coagulation mai ƙarancin ƙarfi, ko kuma majiyyaci ya shiga cikin mawuyacin hali ta hanyar rashin isasshen hanta, rashin bitamin K, yawan shan magungunan hana zubar jini, da sauransu, kuma ya kamata a yi la'akari da ƙarin jini a cikin jini. Wani magani na daban. Wani abu na tantance coagulation, wanda aka kunna lokacin thromboplastin na ɓangare (APTT), galibi ana kiyaye shi a matakin al'ada yayin matakin hypercoagulation na rikicewar coagulation, wanda za'a iya danganta shi da ƙaruwar amsawar factor VIII a cikin yanayin kumburi.

 

(3) Adadin ƙwayoyin platelet da gwajin aiki
Duk da cewa kunna coagulation na iya haifar da raguwar yawan amfani da platelet, raguwar adadin platelet ba kasafai ake samu ba a cikin marasa lafiya da COVID-19, wanda hakan na iya dangantawa da karuwar sakin thrombopoietin, IL-6, cytokines waɗanda ke haɓaka amsawar platelet a cikin yanayin kumburi. Saboda haka, cikakken ƙimar adadin platelet ba alama ce mai saurin nuna matsalolin coagulation a cikin COVID-19 ba, kuma yana iya zama mafi mahimmanci a kula da canje-canjensa. Bugu da ƙari, raguwar adadin platelet yana da alaƙa da rashin kyakkyawan hasashen kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin alamun hana coagulation na rigakafi. Duk da haka, lokacin da aka rage yawan adadin platelet sosai (misali, <50×109/L), kuma majiyyaci yana da alamun zubar jini, ya kamata a yi la'akari da ƙarin jini ga abubuwan da ke cikin platelet.

Kamar yadda aka yi a baya a kan marasa lafiya da ke fama da sepsis, gwaje-gwajen aikin platelet a cikin vitro ga marasa lafiya da ke fama da COVID-19 waɗanda ke da matsalar coagulation yawanci suna ba da sakamako mai kyau, amma ainihin platelets a cikin marasa lafiya galibi ana kunna su, wanda zai iya faruwa saboda ƙarancin aiki. Ana fara amfani da manyan platelets kuma ana cinye su ta hanyar tsarin coagulation, kuma aikin platelets a cikin zagayawar jini da aka tattara yana da ƙasa.

 

(4) FIB
A matsayin furotin mai saurin amsawar lokaci, marasa lafiya da ke fama da COVID-19 galibi suna da matakan FIB masu yawa a cikin matakin kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani, wanda ba wai kawai yana da alaƙa da tsananin kumburi ba, har ma da ƙaruwar FIB da kanta kuma abin da ke haifar da thrombosis, don haka ana iya amfani da shi azaman COVID-19 Ɗaya daga cikin alamun hana zubar jini a cikin marasa lafiya. Duk da haka, lokacin da majiyyaci ya sami raguwar FIB mai ci gaba, yana iya nuna cewa matsalar zubar jini ta ci gaba zuwa matakin da za a iya rage yawan coagulation, ko kuma majiyyaci yana da ƙarancin isasshen hanta, wanda galibi yakan faru a ƙarshen matakin cutar, lokacin da FIB ƙasa da 1.5 g/L kuma tare da zubar jini, ya kamata a yi la'akari da jiko na FIB.