Kwabesifazane abavamile, imisebenzi yokujiya, yokuvinjelwa kokuqina kwegazi kanye ne-fibrinolysis emzimbeni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokubeletha ishintsha kakhulu, okuqukethwe yi-thrombin, i-coagulation factor kanye ne-fibrinogen egazini kuyanda, imisebenzi yokujiya kwegazi kanye ne-fibrinolysis iyancipha, kanti igazi lisesimweni sokujiya kwegazi okukhulu. Ushintsho lomzimba luhlinzeka ngesisekelo esibalulekile se-hemostasis esheshayo nephumelelayo ngemva kokubeletha. Ukuqapha umsebenzi wokujiya kwegazi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungabona izinguquko ezingavamile emsebenzini wokujiya kwegazi kusenesikhathi, okubaluleke kakhulu ekuvimbeleni nasekusindiseni izinkinga zokubeletha.
Kwabesifazane abakhulelwe abavamile, njengoba iminyaka yokukhulelwa ikhula, ukukhishwa kwenhliziyo kuyanda futhi ukumelana kwemithambo yegazi kuyancipha. Ngokuvamile kukholelwa ukuthi ukukhishwa kwenhliziyo kuqala ukwanda emavikini angu-8 kuya kwangu-10 okukhulelwa futhi kufinyelela esicongweni emavikini angu-32 kuya kwangu-34 okukhulelwa, ukwanda okungu-30% kuya ku-45% uma kuqhathaniswa nokungakhulelwa, futhi kugcina leli zinga kuze kube yilapho kubeletha. Ukwehla kokumelana kwemithambo yegazi kwangaphandle kunciphisa umfutho wegazi, kanti umfutho wegazi we-diastolic wehla kakhulu, kanti umehluko womfutho wegazi uyakhula. Kusukela emavikini angu-6 kuya kwangu-10 okukhulelwa, umthamo wegazi labesifazane abakhulelwe uyanda ngokwanda kweminyaka yokukhulelwa, futhi ukhuphuka cishe ngo-40% ekupheleni kokukhulelwa, kodwa ukwanda komthamo we-plasma kudlula kakhulu inani lamaseli abomvu egazi, i-plasma iyanda ngo-40% kuya ku-50%, kanti amaseli abomvu egazi ayanda ngo-10% kuya ku-15%. Ngakho-ke, ekukhulelweni okuvamile, igazi liyancishiswa, libonakala njengokuncipha kwe-viscosity yegazi, ukwehla kwe-hematocrit, kanye nokwanda kwesilinganiso se-erythrocyte sedimentation.
Izici zokujiya kwegazi Ⅱ, Ⅴ, VII, Ⅷ, IX, kanye Ⅹ zonke ziyanda ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, futhi zingafinyelela izikhathi eziyi-1.5 kuya kwezingu-2.0 zokujwayelekile phakathi nokukhulelwa okuphakathi nokwephuzile, kanye nemisebenzi yezinto zokujiya Ⅺ kanye yehla. I-Fibrinopeptide A, i-fibrinopeptide B, i-thrombinogen, i-platelet factor Ⅳ kanye ne-fibrinogen yanda kakhulu, kuyilapho i-antithrombin Ⅲ kanye ne-protein C kanye ne-protein S yehla. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, isikhathi se-prothrombin kanye nesikhathi se-prothrombin esingaphelele esisebenzayo sifinyezwa, futhi okuqukethwe kwe-plasma fibrinogen kwanda kakhulu, okunganda kufike ku-4-6 g/L ku-trimester yesithathu, okungaphezu kuka-50% kunalokho esikhathini sokungakhulelwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-plasminogen yanda, isikhathi sokuncibilika kwe-euglobulin sandiswa, futhi izinguquko zokujiya kanye nokujiya zenza umzimba ube sesimweni sokujiya okukhulu, okwakuzuzisa ekujiya okuphumelelayo ngemva kokuphazamiseka kwe-placenta ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izici ezibangela ukujiya kwegazi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa zifaka phakathi ukwanda kwe-cholesterol iyonke, ama-phospholipid kanye nama-triacylglycerols egazini, i-androgen kanye ne-progesterone ekhishwa yi-placenta kunciphisa umphumela wezinye izithiyo zokujiya kwegazi, i-placenta, i-uterine decidua kanye nama-embryo. Ukuba khona kwezinto ezibangela i-thromboplastin, njll., kungakhuthaza igazi ukuba libe sesimweni sokujiya kwegazi, futhi lolu shintsho luyanda ngokwanda kweminyaka yokukhulelwa. I-hypercoagulation ephakathi nendawo iyisilinganiso sokuvikela ngokomzimba, esizuzisa ukugcina ukufakwa kwe-fibrin emithanjeni, udonga lwesibeletho kanye ne-placental villi, kusiza ukugcina ubuqotho be-placenta futhi kwakha i-thrombus ngenxa yokususwa, futhi kusiza i-hemostasis esheshayo ngesikhathi nangemva kokubeletha. , kuyindlela ebalulekile yokuvimbela ukuphuma kwegazi ngemva kokubeletha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo sokujiya kwegazi, umsebenzi wesibili we-fibrinolytic uqala futhi ukususa i-thrombus emithanjeni ye-spiral yesibeletho kanye ne-venous sinuses futhi kusheshiswe ukuvuselelwa nokulungiswa kwe-endometrium.
Kodwa-ke, isimo sokujiya kwegazi ngokweqile singadala nezinkinga eziningi zokubeletha. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izifundo zithole ukuthi abesifazane abaningi abakhulelwe bathambekele ekushayweni yi-thrombosis. Lesi simo sesifo se-thromboembolism kwabesifazane abakhulelwe ngenxa yokukhubazeka kwezakhi zofuzo noma izici eziyingozi ezitholakale njengeprotheyini ye-anticoagulant, izici ze-coagulation, kanye namaprotheni e-fibrinolytic sibizwa ngokuthi i-thrombosis. (thrombophilia), eyaziwa nangokuthi isimo se-prothrombotic. Lesi simo se-prothrombotic asiholeli esifweni se-thrombotic, kodwa singaholela emiphumeleni emibi yokukhulelwa ngenxa yokungalingani kwezindlela ze-coagulation-anticoagulation noma umsebenzi we-fibrinolytic, i-microthrombosis yemithambo ye-spiral yesibeletho noma i-villus, okuholela ekungeneni kabi kwe-placental noma ngisho ne-infarction, njenge-Preeclampsia, ukuphazamiseka kwe-placental, i-placental infarction, i-disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), ukuvinjelwa kokukhula kwengane, ukuphuphuma kwesisu okuphindaphindiwe, ukuzalwa kwengane eshonile kanye nokuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, njll., kungaholela ekufeni komama kanye nokubeletha ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.
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