I-Physiological hemostasis yenye yeendlela ezibalulekileyo zokukhusela umzimba.Xa umthambo wegazi wonakalisiwe, kwelinye icala, kufuneka wenze iplagi ye-hemostatic ngokukhawuleza ukuphepha ukulahleka kwegazi;ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa impendulo ye-hemostatic kwindawo eyonakeleyo kwaye ugcine imeko ye-fluid yegazi kwi-systemic blood vessels.Ngoko ke, i-physiological hemostasis yisiphumo sezinto ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela ezisebenzisanayo ukuze kugcinwe ukulingana okuchanekileyo.Ngokweklinikhi, iinaliti ezincinci zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukugqobhoza i-earlobe okanye iminwe ukuvumela igazi ukuba liphume ngokwemvelo, kwaye emva koko ulinganise ixesha lokuphuma kwegazi.Eli xesha libizwa ngokuba lixesha lokuphuma kwegazi (ixesha lokuphuma kwegazi), kwaye abantu abaqhelekileyo abadluli imizuzu ye-9 (indlela yetemplate).Ubude bexesha lokuphuma kwegazi bungabonakalisa imeko ye-physiological hemostatic function.Xa umsebenzi we-physiological hemostatic ubuthathaka, ukuphuma kwegazi kudla ukuba kwenzeke, kwaye izifo ze-hemorrhagic zenzeka;ngelixa ukugqithisa komsebenzi we-physiological hemostatic kunokukhokelela kwi-thrombosis ye-pathological.

Inkqubo esisiseko ye-physiological hemostasis
Inkqubo ye-physiological hemostasis ikakhulu ibandakanya iinkqubo ezintathu: i-vasoconstriction, i-platelet thrombus formation kunye ne-coagulation yegazi.

I-1 I-Vasoconstriction I-Physiological hemostasis ibonakaliswa okokuqala njenge-contraction yomthambo wegazi owonakalisiweyo kunye nemithanjana encinci yegazi ekufutshane, eyanciphisa ukuhamba kwegazi kwendawo kwaye inenzuzo ekunciphiseni okanye ukukhusela ukuphuma kwegazi.Izizathu ze-vasoconstriction ziquka ezi nkalo zintathu zilandelayo: ① I-reflex yokulimala ivuselela i-vasoconstriction;② Ukonakaliswa kwodonga lwe-vascular kubangela i-contraction ye-vascular myogenic yendawo;③ Iiplatelets ezinamathele ekukhutshweni kokulimala kwe-5-HT, TXA₂, njl. ukuxinzelela imithambo yegazi.izinto ezibangela vasoconstriction.

2 Ukuqulunqwa kwe-platelet-wise hemostatic thrombus Emva kokulimala komthambo wegazi, ngenxa yokuvezwa kwe-collagen ye-subendothelial, inani elincinci leeplatelet linamathela kwi-collagen ye-subendothelial ngaphakathi kwe-1-2 imizuzwana, eyona nyathelo lokuqala ekubunjweni kwe-hemostatic thrombus.Ngokubambelela kwiiplatelet, indawo yokulimala inokuthi "ichongwe", ukuze iplagi ye-hemostatic ibekwe ngokuchanekileyo.Iiplatelet ezibambeneyo ziqhubela phambili ukuba zisebenze iindlela zokubonisa iiplatelet ukuze zivule iiplatelet kwaye zikhuphe i-ADP engapheliyo kunye ne-TXA₂, ethi yona isebenze ezinye iiplatelet egazini, zifune iiplatelet ezingakumbi ukuba zibambelele enye kwenye kwaye zibangele ukudityaniswa okungaguqukiyo;iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezonakeleyo zendawo zikhupha i-ADP kunye neendawo I-thrombin eyenziwa ngexesha lenkqubo yokudibanisa ingenza iiplatelet ezijikelezayo kufuphi nenxeba ngokuqhubekayo zibambelele kwaye ziqokelele kwiiplatelet eziye zabambelela kwaye zigxininiswe kwi-subendothelial collagen, kwaye ekugqibeleni yenze iplatelet hemostatic plug thintela inxeba kwaye ufezekise i-hemostasis yokuqala, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-primary hemostasis (irsthemostasis).I-hemostasis yokuqala ixhomekeke kwi-vasoconstriction kunye nokwakhiwa kweplatelet hemostatic plug.Ukongezelela, ukunciphisa i-PGI₂ kunye ne-NO imveliso kwi-endothelium ye-vascular eyonakalisiweyo nayo inenzuzo ekuhlanganiseni kweeplatelet.

I-3 I-Blood Coagulation Imithambo yegazi eyonakeleyo inokuphinda isebenze inkqubo ye-coagulation yegazi, kwaye i-blood coagulation yendawo yenzeke ngokukhawuleza, ukuze i-fibrinogen e-soluble kwi-plasma iguqulwe ibe yi-fibrin enganyibilikiyo, kwaye idityaniswe ibe yinethiwekhi yokuqinisa iplagi ye-hemostatic, ebizwa ngokuba yi-secondary plug. i-hemostasis (i-hemostasis yesibini) i-hemostasis) (Umfanekiso 3-6).Ekugqibeleni, izicubu ze-fibrous zendawo ziyanda kwaye zikhule zibe lihlwili legazi ukufikelela kwi-hemostasis esisigxina.

I-Physiological hemostasis yahlulahlulwe kwiinkqubo ezintathu: i-vasoconstriction, i-platelet thrombus formation, kunye ne-blood coagulation, kodwa ezi nkqubo zintathu zenzeke ngokulandelelana kwaye zidibene, kwaye zihlobene ngokusondeleyo.I-Platelet adhesion kulula ukuyifumana kuphela xa ukuhamba kwegazi kunciphisa nge-vasoconstriction;I-S-HT kunye ne-TXA2 ekhutshwe emva kokusebenza kweplatelet inokukhuthaza i-vasoconstriction.Iiplatelet ezisebenzayo zibonelela nge-phospholipid surface ukuze kusebenze izinto ezidibeneyo ngexesha lokudibanisa igazi.Zininzi izinto ezidityanisiweyo ezibotshelelwe kumphezulu weeplatelets, kwaye iiplatelet zinokukhupha izinto ezidityanisiweyo ezifana nefibrinogen, ngaloo ndlela ikhawulezisa inkqubo yokudibanisa.I-thrombin eveliswa ngexesha le-coagulation yegazi inokomeleza ukusebenza kweeplatelet.Ukongeza, ukucutheka kweeplatelet kwihlwili legazi kunokubangela ukuba ihlwili legazi lirhoxe kwaye licinezele i-serum kulo, lenze ihlwili legazi libe liqina ngakumbi kwaye livale ngokungqongqo ukuvuleka komthambo wegazi.Ngoko ke, iinkqubo ezintathu ze-physiological hemostasis zikhuthazana, ukuze i-hemostasis ye-physiological iqhutywe ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwaye likhawuleza.Ngenxa yokuba iiplatelet zinxulumene ngokusondeleyo namakhonkco amathathu kwinkqubo ye-physiological hemostasis, iiplatelet zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo ye-physiological hemostasis.Ixesha lokuphuma kwegazi lithatha ixesha elide xa iiplatelet ziyancipha okanye umsebenzi uyancipha.