01. ʻO ka hōʻailona o ka thrombosis vein hohonu a me ka embolism pulmonary

ʻO ka thrombosis vein hohonu (D-VT) hiki ke loaʻa i ka pulmonary embolism (PE), i kapa ʻia ʻo venous thromboembolism (VTE).Hoʻokiʻekiʻe nui ʻia nā pae D-dimer plasma i nā maʻi VTE.

Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina pili e ʻoi aku ka nui o ka plasma D-dimer i nā maʻi me PE a me D-VT ma mua o 1 000 μg / L.

Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o nā maʻi he nui a i ʻole kekahi mau mea pathological (ʻokiʻoki, nā ʻōpū, nā maʻi cardiovascular, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) loaʻa kekahi hopena i ka hemostasis, e hopena i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka D-dimer.No laila, ʻoiai he kiʻekiʻe ka naʻau o D-dimer, ʻo 50% a i 70% wale nō kona kikoʻī, a ʻaʻole hiki i D-dimer wale nō ke hōʻoia i ka VTE.No laila, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kahi piʻi nui o D-dimer ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona kikoʻī o VTE.ʻO ke koʻikoʻi kūpono o ka hoʻāʻo D-dimer ʻo ia ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole e pale i ka hōʻailona o VTE.

 

02 Hoʻolaha ʻia ka coagulation intravascular

ʻO ka Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) kahi maʻi o ka microthrombosis nui i loko o nā moku liʻiliʻi a puni ke kino a me ka hyperfibrinolysis lua ma lalo o ka hana o kekahi mau kumu pathogenic, hiki ke hele pū me ka fibrinolysis lua a i ʻole fibrinolysis inhibited.

ʻO ka maʻiʻo plasma kiʻekiʻe o D-dimer he kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ka waiwai kuhikuhi no ka ʻike mua ʻana o DIC.Eia naʻe, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana o D-dimer ʻaʻole ia he hōʻike kikoʻī no DIC, akā nui nā maʻi i hele pū ʻia me ka microthrombosis hiki ke alakaʻi i ka piʻi ʻana o D-dimer.Ke hoʻonui ka fibrinolysis i ka coagulation extravascular, e piʻi pū ka D-dimer.

Ua hōʻike nā haʻawina e hoʻomaka ana ka D-dimer i nā lā ma mua o DIC a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka maʻamau.

 

03 ʻAhu ʻōpū hānau hou

Loaʻa nā degere like ʻole o ka hypoxia a me ka acidosis i ka asphyxia neonatal, a hiki i ka hypoxia a me ka acidosis ke hoʻoulu i ka pōʻino endothelial vascular nui, ka hopena i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka nui o nā mea coagulation, e hoʻonui ai i ka hana o fibrinogen.

Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina e pili ana i ka waiwai D-dimer o ke koko kaula i loko o ka hui asphyxia i ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka pūʻulu mana maʻamau, a ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka waiwai D-dimer i ke koko peripheral, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe.

 

04 Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

ʻO ka ʻōnaehana coagulation-fibrinolysis he mea maʻamau i nā maʻi SLE, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke ʻano o ka ʻōnaehana coagulation-fibrinolysis i ka wā hana o ka maʻi, a ʻoi aku ka ʻike o ka thrombosis;ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka maʻi, maʻamau ka ʻōnaehana coagulation-fibrinolysis.

No laila, e hoʻonui nui ʻia nā pae D-dimer o nā maʻi me ka systemic lupus erythematosus i nā pae hana a me ka hana ʻole, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā pae D-dimer plasma o nā maʻi i ka wā hana.

05 ʻO ka maʻi maʻi ate a me ka maʻi maʻi ate

ʻO D-dimer kekahi o nā hōʻailona e hōʻike ana i ke koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi ate.ʻO ka ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka maʻi ate, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka plasma D-dimer content.

Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina pili i nā helu D-dimer o Child-Pugh A, B, a me C i nā maʻi me ka cirrhosis ate he (2.218 ± 0.54) μg/mL, (6.03 ± 0.76) μg/mL, a me (10.536 ±. 0.664) μg/mL, kēlā me kēia..

Eia kekahi, ua hoʻokiʻekiʻe nui ʻia ʻo D-dimer i nā poʻe maʻi me ka maʻi maʻi ate me ka holomua wikiwiki a me ka prognosis maikaʻi ʻole.

06 Ka maʻi maʻi ʻōpū

Ma hope o ka wehe ʻana o nā maʻi maʻi maʻi, hiki ke thromboembolism i ka hapalua o nā maʻi, a ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka D-dimer i 90% o nā maʻi.

Eia kekahi, aia kahi papa o nā mea kiʻekiʻe-koʻikoʻi i loko o nā pūnaewele tumo nona ke ʻano a me ke ʻano kikoo like loa.ʻO ke komo ʻana i nā hana metabolic kanaka hiki ke hoʻoikaika i ka hana o ka ʻōnaehana coagulation o ke kino a hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka thrombosis, a piʻi nui ka pae o D-dimer.A ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka D-dimer i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi ʻōpū me ka pae III-IV ma mua o nā mea maʻi maʻi maʻi ʻōpū me ka pae I-II.

 

07 Mycoplasma pneumonia (MMP)

Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia ka MPP koʻikoʻi me nā pae D-dimer kiʻekiʻe, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā pae D-dimer i nā maʻi me ka MPP koʻikoʻi ma mua o nā hihia haʻahaʻa.

Ke maʻi nui ka MPP, hypoxia, ischemia a me ka acidosis i ka ʻāina, i hui pū ʻia me ka hoʻouka pololei ʻana o nā pathogens, e hōʻino ai i nā pūnaewele endothelial vascular, e hōʻike i ka collagen, e hoʻāla i ka ʻōnaehana coagulation, e hana i kahi kūlana hypercoagulable, a hana i ka microthrombi.Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻōnaehana fibrinolytic kūloko, kinin a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻopihapiha, e hopena i ka piʻi ʻana o nā pae D-dimer.

 

08 Diabetes, nephropathy maʻi maʻi

Ua hoʻokiʻekiʻe nui ʻia nā pae D-dimer i nā poʻe maʻi me ka maʻi maʻi a me ka nephropathy diabetic.

Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka D-dimer a me ka fibrinogen indexes o nā maʻi me ka nephropathy diabetic ma mua o nā mea maʻi maʻi diabetes type 2.No laila, i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hoʻomaʻamaʻa, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo D-dimer ma ke ʻano he hōʻike hōʻike no ka ʻike ʻana i ka paʻakikī o ka maʻi diabetes a me ka maʻi maʻi maʻi i nā maʻi.

09 Allergic Purpura (AP)

I ka pae koʻikoʻi o AP, aia nā pae like ʻole o ka hypercoagulability koko a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana platelet, e alakaʻi ana i ka vasospasm, platelet aggregation a me ka thrombosis.

ʻO ka D-dimer kiʻekiʻe i nā keiki me AP ka mea maʻamau ma hope o 2 mau pule o ka hoʻomaka ʻana a ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā pae lapaʻau, e hōʻike ana i ka nui a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻāʻī ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana.

Eia kekahi, he hōʻailona hōʻailona hoʻi ia, me nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o D-dimer, hoʻolōʻihi pinepine ʻia ka maʻi a hiki i ka pōʻino renal.

 

10 Ka hapai

Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina pili e pili ana i ka 10% o nā wahine hāpai i hoʻokiʻekiʻe nui i nā pae D-dimer, e hōʻike ana i kahi pilikia o ke koko koko.

ʻO ka preeclampsia kahi pilikia maʻamau o ka hāpai ʻana.ʻO nā loli pathological nui o ka preeclampsia a me ka eclampsia, ʻo ia ka coagulation activation a me ka hoʻonui fibrinolysis, ka hopena o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka microvascular thrombosis a me D-dimer.

Ua emi koke ka D-dimer ma hope o ka hānauʻana i nā wāhine maʻamau, akā ua hoʻonuiʻia i nā wāhine me ka preeclampsia, aʻaʻole i hoʻi i ka maʻamau a hiki i ka 4 a hiki i ka 6 pule.

11 Acute Coronary Syndrome and Dissecting Aneurysm

ʻO nā poʻe maʻi me nā maʻi maʻi coronary acute he mau pae D-dimer maʻamau a haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa wale nō, ʻoiai ua hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia nā aneurysms aortic dissecting.

Pili kēia i ka ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi o ka ukana thrombus i loko o nā moku arterial o nā mea ʻelua.ʻOi aku ka lahilahi o ka lumen coronary a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka thrombus i ke aʻa coronary.Ma hope o ka haki ʻana o ka aortic intima, komo ka nui o ke koko i loko o ka paia o ka moku e hana i kahi aneurysm dissecting.Hoʻokumu ʻia ka nui o ka thrombi ma lalo o ka hana o ka coagulation mechanism.

12 ʻO ka maʻi o ka lolo

I ka infarction cerebral acute, hoʻonui ʻia ka thrombolysis spontaneous a me ka hana fibrinolytic lua, i hōʻike ʻia me ka piʻi ʻana o ka pae D-dimer plasma.Ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka pae D-dimer i ka wā mua o ka infarction cerebral acute.

Ua hoʻonui iki ʻia nā pae D-dimer plasma i nā maʻi me ka maʻi ischemic ischemic i ka pule mua ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana, hoʻonui nui ʻia ma 2 a 4 mau pule, a ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa i nā pae maʻamau i ka wā hoʻihoʻi (>3 mahina).