Ko te pūnaha hemostasis o te tinana tangata e toru ngā wāhanga matua:

1. Te pēhanga o te uaua toto tonu 2. Ka hangaia e ngā pereti he embolus 3. Te tīmatanga o ngā āhuatanga toto totoka

Ina whara tātou, ka pakaru ngā oko toto i raro i te kiri, ka mimiti te toto ki roto i ō tātou kiko, ka puta he marutanga mēnā kei te ora tonu te kiri, ka toto rānei mēnā kua pakaru te kiri. I tēnei wā, ka tīmata te tinana i te tikanga whakaheke toto.

Tuatahi, ka whakawhāitihia ngā oko toto, ka whakaiti i te rere o te toto

Tuarua, ka tīmata te kohikohi o ngā pereti toto. Ina pakaru te oko toto, ka kitea te collagen. Ka kukume te collagen i ngā pereti toto ki te wāhi i whara, ā, ka piri ngā pereti toto ki a rātou anō hei hanga i tētahi mono. Ka tere te hanga i tētahi ārai hei ārai i a tātou kei toto nui rawa.

Ka piri tonu te fibrin, ka taea ai e ngā pereti toto te hono pūmau. Ā tōna wā ka puta he toto totoka, ka ārai i te putanga atu o te toto i te tinana, ā, ka ārai hoki i ngā pathogens kino ki te tomo mai i waho ki roto i te tinana. I taua wā anō, ka whakahohehia hoki te ara toto totoka i roto i te tinana.

E rua ngā momo hongere o waho me ngā momo hongere o roto.

Ara toto toto o waho: Ka tīmata mā te pānga o te kiko kua pakaru ki te toto ki te take III. Ina pakaru te kiko, ka pakaru hoki ngā oko toto, ka hanga e te take III e pāngia ana he matatini me Ca2+ me VII i roto i te toto toto hei whakahohe i te take X. Nā te mea ko te take III e tīmata ana i tēnei tukanga i ahu mai i ngā kiko i waho o ngā oko toto, ka kiia ko te ara toto toto o waho.

Ara toto toto ā-roto: ka tīmata mā te whakahohenga o te tauwehe XII. Ina pakaru te oko toto, ā, ka kitea ngā muka collagen o raro i te kanohi, ka taea e ia te whakahohe i te Ⅻ ki te Ⅻa, kātahi ka whakahohe i te Ⅺ ki te Ⅺa. Ka whakahohe a Ⅺa i te Ⅸa i te aroaro o Ca2+, kātahi ka hanga e Ⅸa he matatini me te Ⅷa, PF3, me te Ca2+ kua whakahohehia hei whakahohe anō i a X. Ko ngā tauwehe e whai wāhi ana ki te toto toto i roto i te tukanga kua whakahuatia ake nei kei roto katoa i te toto toto i roto i ngā oko toto, nō reira ka kiia rātou ko te ara toto toto ā-roto.

He mahi nui tā tēnei āhuatanga i roto i te rerenga toto toto nā te hanumitanga o ngā ara e rua i te taumata o te āhuatanga X. Ka whakahohehia e te āhuatanga X me te āhuatanga V te āhuatanga II kore mahi (prothrombin) i roto i te toto toto ki te āhuatanga IIa kaha, (thrombin). Mā ēnei nui o te thrombin ka whakahohehia anō ngā pereti toto me te hanganga o ngā muka. I raro i te mahi a te thrombin, ka hurihia te fibrinogen kua rewa i roto i te toto toto hei monomer fibrin; i taua wā anō, ka whakahohehia e te thrombin te XIII ki te XIIIa, ka hanga hei monomer fibrin. Ka hono ngā tinana fibrin tetahi ki tetahi hei hanga i ngā pūhui fibrin kore-wairewa, ka whiria tetahi ki tetahi hei whatunga hei ārai i ngā pūtau toto, hei hanga i ngā toto totoka, me te whakaoti i te tukanga totoka. Ka hanga e tēnei thrombus he pāpaka hei tiaki i te patunga i a ia e ara ake ana, ka hanga i tētahi paparanga kiri hou i raro iho. Ka whakahohehia ngā pereti totoka me te fibrin ina pakaru, ka kitea te oko toto, ko te tikanga i roto i ngā oko toto hauora noa, kāore e puta noa mai he totoka.

Engari e tohu ana hoki mēnā ka pakaru ō oko toto nā te whakatakotoranga o te paraka, ka nui te maha o ngā pereti toto ka huihui, ā, ka mutu ka nui te maha o ngā thrombus hei aukati i ngā oko toto. Koinei anō te tikanga pathophysiological o te mate ngakau coronary, te myocardial infarction, me te whiu.