Kuchuluka kwa magazi m'thupi la munthu kumapangidwa makamaka ndi magawo atatu:

1. Kukanika kwa mtsempha wamagazi wokha 2. Ma platelet amapanga embolus 3. Kuyambika kwa zinthu zotsekeka

Tikavulala, timawononga mitsempha yamagazi yomwe ili pansi pa khungu, zomwe zingayambitse magazi kulowa m'thupi lathu, ndikupanga mabala ngati khungu lili bwino, kapena kutuluka magazi ngati khungu lasweka. Panthawiyi, thupi limayamba kugwiritsa ntchito hemostatic mechanism.

Choyamba, mitsempha yamagazi imachepa, zomwe zimachepetsa kuyenda kwa magazi

Chachiwiri, ma platelet amayamba kusonkhana. Pamene mtsempha wamagazi wawonongeka, collagen imaonekera. Collagen imakoka ma platelet kumalo ovulala, ndipo ma platelet amamatirana pamodzi kuti apange pulagi. Amamanga msanga chotchinga chomwe chimatiteteza kutuluka magazi ambiri.

Fibrin imapitirizabe kulumikizidwa, zomwe zimathandiza kuti ma platelet alumikizane mwamphamvu kwambiri. Pamapeto pake magazi amaundana, zomwe zimaletsa magazi ambiri kutuluka m'thupi komanso zimaletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kulowa m'thupi lathu kuchokera kunja. Nthawi yomweyo, njira yolumikizirana m'thupi imayambitsidwanso.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya njira zakunja ndi zamkati.

Njira yolumikizirana yakunja: Yoyambitsidwa ndi kukhudzana kwa minofu yowonongeka ndi magazi ndi chinthu chachitatu. Pamene kuwonongeka kwa minofu ndi mitsempha yamagazi yaphulika, chinthu chachitatu cholumikizirana chimapanga complex yokhala ndi Ca2+ ndi VII mu plasma kuti iyambe kuyambitsa chinthu chachitatu X. Chifukwa chinthu chachitatu chomwe chimayambitsa njirayi chimachokera ku minofu yomwe ili kunja kwa mitsempha yamagazi, chimatchedwa njira yolumikizirana yakunja.

Njira yolumikizirana mkati: yoyambitsidwa ndi kuyambitsa kwa factor XII. Pamene mtsempha wamagazi wawonongeka ndipo ulusi wa collagen wocheperako wawonekera, ukhoza kuyambitsa Ⅻ ku Ⅻa, kenako kuyambitsa Ⅺ ku Ⅺa. Ⅺa imayambitsa Ⅸa pamaso pa Ca2+, kenako Ⅸa imapanga complex yokhala ndi Ⅷa, PF3, ndi Ca2+ yogwira ntchito kuti iwonjezere mphamvu ya X. Zinthu zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kugawanika kwa magazi mu ndondomeko yomwe yatchulidwa pamwambapa zonse zimapezeka mu plasma yamagazi m'mitsempha yamagazi, kotero zimatchedwa njira yolumikizirana yamagazi.

Chinthu ichi chili ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa kugawanika kwa magazi chifukwa cha kuphatikizana kwa njira ziwirizi pamlingo wa factor X Factor X ndi factor V zomwe zimayambitsa chinthu chosagwira ntchito II (prothrombin) mu plasma kupita ku chinthu chogwira ntchito IIa, (thrombin). Kuchuluka kwa thrombin kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti ma platelet ayambe kugwira ntchito komanso kupanga ulusi. Pogwiritsa ntchito thrombin, fibrinogen yosungunuka mu plasma imasinthidwa kukhala fibrin monomers; nthawi yomweyo, thrombin imayambitsa XIII kupita ku XIIIa, ndikupanga fibrin monomers. Matupi a fibrin amalumikizana kuti apange ma polima a fibrin osasungunuka m'madzi, ndikulumikizana kukhala netiweki kuti atseke maselo amagazi, kupanga magazi kuundana, ndikumaliza njira yolumikizirana magazi. Thrombus iyi pamapeto pake imapanga chikanga chomwe chimateteza bala pamene likukwera ndikupanga khungu latsopano pansi pa Ma platelet ndipo fibrin imayamba kugwira ntchito pokhapokha ngati mtsempha wamagazi wasweka ndikuwululidwa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti m'mitsempha yamagazi yathanzi simatsogolera mwachisawawa ku kuundana.

Koma zimasonyezanso kuti ngati mitsempha yanu yamagazi yasweka chifukwa cha kuikidwa kwa plaque, izi zimapangitsa kuti ma platelet ambiri asonkhanitsidwe, ndipo pamapeto pake amapanga kuchuluka kwa thrombus kuti kutseke mitsempha yamagazi. Ichi ndi chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a mtima, matenda a mtima, ndi sitiroko.