Hemostasis na jikin ɗan adam ya ƙunshi sassa uku:

1. Tashin jijiyoyin jini da kanta 2. Platelets suna samar da embolus 3. Farawar abubuwan da ke haifar da coagulation

Idan muka ji rauni, muna lalata jijiyoyin jini da ke ƙarƙashin fata, wanda hakan zai iya sa jini ya shiga cikin kyallen jikinmu, ya haifar da rauni idan fatar ba ta da matsala, ko kuma ya zubar da jini idan fatar ta karye. A wannan lokacin, jiki zai fara aikin hemostatic.

Da farko, jijiyoyin jini suna takura, suna rage kwararar jini

Na biyu, ƙwayoyin platelets suna fara taruwa. Idan jijiyoyin jini suka lalace, collagen yana bayyana. Collagen yana jawo ƙwayoyin platelets zuwa wurin da ya ji rauni, kuma ƙwayoyin platelets suna mannewa tare don samar da toshewa. Suna gina shinge cikin sauri wanda ke hana mu zubar jini da yawa.

Fibrin yana ci gaba da mannewa, yana bawa platelets damar haɗuwa sosai. Daga ƙarshe wani gudan jini ya taso, yana hana ƙarin jini fita daga jiki da kuma hana miyagun ƙwayoyin cuta shiga jikinmu daga waje. A lokaci guda kuma, hanyar gudan jini a jiki tana aiki.

Akwai nau'ikan tashoshi na waje da na ciki guda biyu.

Hanyar Hadin Jini a waje: Ana fara shi ne ta hanyar fallasa nama da ya lalace ga jini da factor III. Lokacin da lalacewar nama da fashewar jijiyoyin jini, factor III da aka fallasa ya samar da wani hadadden Ca2+ da VII a cikin jini don kunna factor X. Saboda factor III wanda ke fara wannan tsari ya fito ne daga kyallen da ke wajen jijiyoyin jini, ana kiransa hanyar Hadin Jini a waje.

Hanyar coagulation ta ciki: an fara ta hanyar kunna factor XII. Lokacin da jijiyoyin jini suka lalace kuma aka fallasa zaruruwan collagen na ciki, yana iya kunna Ⅻ zuwa Ⅻa, sannan kuma ya kunna Ⅺ zuwa Ⅺa. Ⅺa yana kunna Ⅸa a gaban Ca2+, sannan Ⅸa yana samar da hadaddun tare da kunna Ⅷa, PF3, da Ca2+ don ƙara kunna X. Abubuwan da ke tattare da coagulation na jini a cikin tsarin da aka ambata a sama duk suna cikin plasma na jini a cikin jijiyoyin jini, don haka ana kiran su da hanyar coagulation na jini ta ciki.

Wannan factor yana da muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin coagulation saboda haɗuwar hanyoyi guda biyu a matakin factor X Factor X da factor V suna kunna rashin aiki factor II (prothrombin) a cikin plasma zuwa active factor IIa, (thrombin). Waɗannan adadi mai yawa na thrombin suna haifar da ƙarin kunna platelets da samuwar zaruruwa. A ƙarƙashin aikin thrombin, fibrinogen da aka narkar a cikin plasma yana canzawa zuwa fibrin monomers; a lokaci guda, thrombin yana kunna XIII zuwa XIIIa, yana yin fibrin monomers Jikin fibrin yana haɗuwa da juna don samar da polymers na fibrin marasa narkewa a ruwa, kuma suna haɗa juna cikin hanyar sadarwa don rufe ƙwayoyin jini, samar da ɗigon jini, da kuma kammala aikin coagulation na jini. Wannan thrombus daga ƙarshe yana samar da ƙura wanda ke kare rauni yayin da yake tashi kuma yana samar da sabon Layer na fata a ƙarƙashin Platelets kuma fibrin ana kunna shi ne kawai lokacin da tasoshin jini ya fashe kuma ya fallasa, ma'ana cewa a cikin jijiyoyin jini masu lafiya na yau da kullun ba sa haifar da clotting ba zato ba tsammani.

Amma kuma yana nuna cewa idan jijiyoyin jininka suka fashe saboda toshewar plaque, zai sa adadi mai yawa na platelets su taru, kuma a ƙarshe su samar da adadi mai yawa na thrombus don toshe hanyoyin jini. Wannan kuma shine tsarin cututtukan zuciya, bugun zuciya, da bugun jini.