Ka Wehewehena o ka In Vitro Diagnostic
ʻO ka In Vitro Diagnosis （IVD） e pili ana i kahi ʻano hana diagnostic e loaʻa ai ka ʻike diagnostic lapaʻau ma o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana i nā hāpana olaola, e like me ke koko, ka lawai, a i ʻole nā ​​​​ʻiʻo, e hōʻoia, mālama, a pale aku paha i nā kūlana olakino. ʻO ka in vitro diagnosis kahi kumu koʻikoʻi o ka diagnostic lapaʻau, hiki ke hāʻawi i nā kuhikuhi kuhikuhi koʻikoʻi no nā hoʻolālā lapaʻau a nā kauka. ʻO ka IVD kahi ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka ʻōnaehana lapaʻau e hōʻoia i ke olakino kanaka.

Ka Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka Mākeke IVD
Ma muli o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā kumumanaʻo hoʻāʻo, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻāpana mākeke IVD i Microbiology, Clinical Chemistry, Hematology, Coagulation, Immunoassay, Molecular Diagnostics, POCT, etc. Ma muli o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka huahana hoʻāʻo, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka mākeke IVD i nā reagents, nā mea hana, a me nā lawelawe.

Ka ulu ʻana o ka IVD
Pae 1：
ʻO ka hana ʻana o ka microscope ua hoʻāla i kekahi mau ʻano hoʻokolokolo kuʻuna.

Pae 2：
ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau hou a me ka ʻike ʻana o nā hopena enzyme-catalyzed a me nā hopena antigen-antibody i hoʻokumu i ke kumu no ka biochemical a me ka immunodiagnosis, no laila ke piʻi nei ka diagnostics in vitro a hoʻonui mālie i kēia wā.

Pae 3：
ʻO ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka hoʻonohonoho helix pālua DNA, ka ʻenehana antibody monoclonal, a me ka ʻenehana māka macromolecular i hoʻolaha i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka diagnostics molecular in vitro diagnosis in vitro.

Mākeke IVD Honua
Ma luna o 70% o ka mākeke IVD honua e noho ʻia ana e ʻEulopa, ʻAmelika ʻĀkau a me Iapana. ʻEhā mau mea pāʻani honua nui ʻo Roche (Switzerland), Abbott (US), Thermo (US) a me Siemens (Kelemānia). Loaʻa i kēia mau ʻoihana ʻehā kahi māhele mākeke honua i hui pū ʻia ma kahi o 51% i ka makahiki 2017.