Zvidzidzo zviviri zvakakosha zvekuomeswa kweropa, nguva yeropa yakabatidzwa (APTT) uye nguva yeprothrombin (PT), zvose zvinobatsira kuona chikonzero chekusagadzikana kweome.
Kuti ropa rirambe riri mumvura, muviri unofanirwa kuita chiito chekuenzanisa. Ropa rinotenderera rine zvikamu zviviri zveropa, procoagulant, iyo inosimudzira kugayiwa kweropa, uye anticoagulant, iyo inodzivirira kugayiwa kweropa, kuchengetedza kufamba kweropa. Zvisinei, kana tsinga yeropa ikakuvara uye kugayiwa kweropa kwakakanganiswa, procoagulant inoungana munzvimbo yakakuvara uye kugayiwa kweropa kunotanga. Maitiro ekugayiwa kweropa i link-by-link, uye inogona kugayiwa nechero ma coagulation system maviri ari parallel, intrinsic kana extrinsic. Endogenous system inogayiwa kana ropa rasangana ne collagen kana endothelium yakakuvara. Extrinsic system inogayiwa kana nyama yakakuvara yaburitsa zvimwe zvinhu zvekugayiwa kweropa zvakaita se thromboplastin. Nzira yekupedzisira yakajairika ye masystem maviri inotungamira ku condensation apex. Kana maitiro aya ekugayiwa kweropa, kunyangwe zvichiita sekunge ari pakarepo, bvunzo mbiri dzakakosha dzekuongorora, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) uye prothrombin time (PT), zvinogona kuitwa. Kuita bvunzo idzi kunobatsira kuita kuongororwa kwakakosha kwekusagadzikana kwese kwekugayiwa kweropa.

 

1. Chii chinoratidzwa neAPTT?

Muyedzo weAPTT unoongorora nzira dzemuviri dzinoshandiswa uye dzinoshandiswa nevanhu. Kunyanya, unoyera kuti zvinotora nguva yakareba sei kuti ropa riumbe fibrin clot nekuwedzera chinhu chinoshanda (calcium) uye phospholipids. Inonyanya kubatwa uye inokurumidza kupfuura nguva yechikamu che thromboplastin. APTT inowanzoshandiswa kutarisa kurapwa ne liver violet.

Rabhoritari yega yega ine kukosha kwayo kweAPTT kwakajairika, asi kazhinji inotangira pamasekonzi gumi nematanhatu kusvika makumi mana. Nguva yakareba inogona kuratidza kusakwana kwechikamu chechina chenzira ye endogenous, Xia kana factor, kana deficient factor I, V kana X yenzira yakajairika. Varwere vane vitamin K kushomeka, chirwere chechiropa, kana disseminated intravascular coagulopathy vacharamba vachienderera mberi neAPTT. Mimwe mishonga - mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, kana aspirin inogonawo kuwedzera nguva yeAPTT.

Kudzikira kweAPTT kunogona kukonzerwa nekubuda ropa zvakanyanya, maronda akakura (kunze kwekenza yechiropa) uye kumwe kurapwa nemishonga kunosanganisira antihistamines, antacids, digitalis preparations, nezvimwewo.

2. Chii chinoratidzwa nePT?

Kuongororwa kwePT kunoongorora nzira dzekugwamba kweropa dziri kunze uye dzinoshandiswa nevanhu vakawanda. Kutarisa kurapwa nemishonga inorwisa ropa. Kuongororwa uku kunoyera nguva inotora kuti plasma igwambe mushure mekuwedzera tissue factor necalcium muropa. Kuongororwa kwakajairika kwePT masekondi gumi nerimwe kusvika gumi nematanhatu. Kuwedzerwa kwePT kunogona kuratidza kushomeka kwe thrombin profibrinogen kana factor V, W kana X.

Varwere vane kurutsa, manyoka, vanodya miriwo yakasvibira, vanonwa doro kana mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kwenguva refu, vanorwisa BP, vanonwa mishonga inorwisa ropa, vanonwa mishonga inorwisa manyoka, uye vane aspirin yakawanda vanogonawo kuwedzera nguva yePT. PT yakaderera inogonawo kukonzerwa ne antihistamine barbiturates, mishonga inorwisa maasidhi, kana vhitamini K.

Kana PT yemurwere ikapfuura masekondi makumi mana, vhitamini K yemudumbu kana plasma yakaomeswa nechando ichadiwa. Nguva nenguva ongorora kubuda kweropa kwemurwere, tarisa mamiriro ake etsinga, uye ongorora ropa remurwere muweti nemutsvina.

 

3. Tsanangura zvabuda

Murwere ane chirwere chekuvharika kweropa chisingawanzoitiki anowanzoda bvunzo mbiri, APTT nePT, uye achada kuti iwe utsanangure mhinduro idzi, upfuure bvunzo idzi dzenguva, uye pakupedzisira uronge kurapwa kwake.