Maphunziro awiri ofunikira okhudza kugayika kwa magazi, nthawi yogwira ntchito ya thromboplastin (APTT) ndi nthawi ya prothrombin (PT), onsewa amathandiza kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa kugayika kwa magazi m'magazi.
Kuti magazi akhalebe m'madzi, thupi liyenera kuchita zinthu mosamala. Magazi ozungulira ali ndi zigawo ziwiri za magazi, procoagulant, yomwe imalimbikitsa magazi kugawanika, ndi anticoagulant, yomwe imaletsa kugawanika, kuti magazi ayende bwino. Komabe, pamene mtsempha wamagazi wawonongeka ndipo magazi akuyenda bwino, procoagulant imasonkhana m'dera lomwe lawonongeka ndipo magazi amayamba kugawanika. Njira yogawanika kwa magazi ndi yolumikizana, ndipo imatha kuyatsidwa ndi machitidwe awiri aliwonse ogawanika motsatizana, mkati kapena kunja. Dongosolo la endogenous limayatsidwa pamene magazi akhudza collagen kapena endothelium yowonongeka. Dongosolo la extrinsic limayatsidwa pamene minofu yowonongeka imatulutsa zinthu zina zogawanika monga thromboplastin. Njira yomaliza yodziwika bwino ya machitidwe awiriwa yomwe imatsogolera ku condensation apex. Pamene njira yogawanika iyi, ngakhale ikuwoneka ngati ya nthawi yomweyo, mayeso awiri ofunikira ozindikira, nthawi yogawanika ya thromboplastin (APTT) ndi nthawi ya prothrombin (PT), ikhoza kuchitidwa. Kuchita mayesowa kumathandiza kupeza matenda onse ogawanika.

 

1. Kodi APTT imasonyeza chiyani?

Kuyesa kwa APTT kumayesa njira zolumikizirana zamkati komanso zofala. Makamaka, kumayesa nthawi yomwe magazi amatenga kuti apange fibrin clot ndi kuwonjezera mankhwala ogwira ntchito (calcium) ndi phospholipids. Ndikosavuta komanso kofulumira kuposa nthawi yochepa ya thromboplastin. APTT nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyang'anira chithandizo cha chiwindi cha violet.

Laboratory iliyonse ili ndi APTT yakeyake, koma nthawi zambiri imakhala pakati pa masekondi 16 mpaka 40. Nthawi yayitali ingasonyeze kusakwanira kwa gawo lachinayi la njira ya endogenous, Xia kapena factor, kapena deficient factor I, V kapena X ya njira yodziwika bwino. Odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la vitamini K, matenda a chiwindi, kapena intravascular coagulopathy yofalikira adzakulitsa APTT. Mankhwala ena—maantibayotiki, maanticoagulants, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kapena aspirin angathandizenso kukulitsa APTT.

Kuchepa kwa APTT kungachitike chifukwa cha kutuluka magazi mwadzidzidzi, zilonda zazikulu (kupatula khansa ya chiwindi) ndi mankhwala ena kuphatikizapo antihistamines, maantacid, mankhwala a digitalis, ndi zina zotero.

2. Kodi PT imasonyeza chiyani?

Kuyesa kwa PT kumayesa njira zoyezera magazi kuchokera kunja ndi wamba. Poyang'anira chithandizo ndi mankhwala oletsa magazi kutuluka magazi. Kuyesaku kumayesa nthawi yomwe imatenga kuti magazi azitha kuundana pambuyo powonjezera chinthu cha minofu ndi calcium ku chitsanzo cha magazi. Nthawi yabwinobwino ya PT ndi masekondi 11 mpaka 16. Kutalikitsa nthawi ya PT kungasonyeze kusowa kwa thrombin profibrinogen kapena factor V, W kapena X.

Odwala omwe akusanza, kutsegula m'mimba, kudya ndiwo zamasamba zobiriwira, kumwa mowa kapena mankhwala opha tizilombo kwa nthawi yayitali, mankhwala ochepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, mankhwala oletsa magazi kutuluka m'magazi, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, komanso aspirin wambiri angathandizenso kuti PT ipitirire. PT yochepa ingayambitsenso antihistamine barbiturates, mankhwala oletsa asidi, kapena vitamini K.

Ngati PT ya wodwalayo ipitirira masekondi 40, vitamini K ya m'mitsempha kapena plasma youma youma kumene idzafunika. Yesani magazi a wodwalayo nthawi ndi nthawi, onani momwe alili mu mitsempha, ndikuyesa magazi osadziwika mu mkodzo ndi ndowe.

 

3. Fotokozani zotsatira zake

Wodwala amene ali ndi vuto la magazi otsekeka nthawi zambiri amafunika mayeso awiri, APTT ndi PT, ndipo adzafunika kuti mumvetse zotsatira zake, mupambane mayeso a nthawi imeneyi, kenako n’kukonzekera chithandizo chake.