Nazarce-nazarce guda biyu masu mahimmanci game da coagulation na jini, waɗanda aka kunna su a lokacin thromboplastin (APTT) da kuma lokacin prothrombin (PT), duk suna taimakawa wajen gano musabbabin matsalolin coagulation.
Domin kiyaye jinin a cikin ruwa, jiki dole ne ya yi aiki mai sauƙi. Zagayawan jini ya ƙunshi sassa biyu na jini, procoagulant, wanda ke haɓaka coagulant jini, da kuma anticoagulant, wanda ke hana coagulant, don kiyaye kwararar jini. Duk da haka, lokacin da jijiyoyin jini suka lalace kuma aka danne daidaiton, procoagulant yana taruwa a yankin da ya lalace kuma coagulant jini ya fara. Tsarin coagulant jini yana haɗuwa ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa, kuma ana iya kunna shi ta kowace tsarin coagulant guda biyu a layi ɗaya, na ciki ko na waje. Tsarin endogenous yana kunnawa lokacin da jini ya haɗu da collagen ko endothelium da ya lalace. Tsarin extrinsic yana kunnawa lokacin da kyallen da ya lalace ya saki wasu abubuwan coagulation kamar thromboplastin. Hanya ta ƙarshe ta gama gari ta tsarin biyu da ke kaiwa ga kololuwar condensation. Lokacin da wannan tsarin coagulation, kodayake yana kama da nan take, ana iya yin gwaje-gwaje guda biyu masu mahimmanci, lokacin thromboplastin na ɓangare (APTT) da lokacin prothrombin (PT). Yin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen yana taimakawa wajen yin ganewar asali mai mahimmanci na duk matsalolin coagulation.

 

1. Menene APTT ke nunawa?

Gwajin APTT yana kimanta hanyoyin coagulation na ciki da na gama gari. Musamman ma, yana auna tsawon lokacin da samfurin jini ke ɗauka kafin ya samar da gudan jini na fibrin tare da ƙara wani abu mai aiki (calcium) da phospholipids. Ya fi saurin aiki da sauri fiye da lokacin thromboplastin na ɗan lokaci. Ana amfani da APTT sau da yawa don sa ido kan jiyya da violet na hanta.

Kowace dakin gwaje-gwaje tana da nata ƙimar APTT ta al'ada, amma gabaɗaya tana tsakanin daƙiƙa 16 zuwa 40. Tsawon lokaci na iya nuna rashin isasshen yanki na huɗu na hanyar endogenous, Xia ko factor, ko ƙarancin factor I, V ko X na hanyar gama gari. Marasa lafiya da ke da ƙarancin bitamin K, cututtukan hanta, ko kuma coagulopathy na jijiyoyin jini da aka yaɗu za su tsawaita APTT. Wasu magunguna—maganin rigakafi, magungunan hana ɗaukar ciki, magungunan hana ɗaukar ciki, magungunan hana ɗaukar ciki, magungunan hana ɗaukar ciki, ko aspirin suma za su iya tsawaita APTT.

Ragewar APTT na iya faruwa ne sakamakon zubar jini mai tsanani, raunuka masu yawa (banda ciwon hanta) da wasu magungunan magani, gami da maganin antihistamines, magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta, shirye-shiryen dijitalis, da sauransu.

2. Me PT ​​ke nuna?

Gwajin PT yana kimanta hanyoyin zubar jini na waje da na gama gari. Don sa ido kan maganin da ake amfani da shi wajen rage zubar jini. Wannan gwajin yana auna lokacin da ake ɗauka kafin jini ya yi gudawa bayan an ƙara sinadarin nama da calcium a cikin samfurin jini. Matsakaicin matsakaicin PT na yau da kullun shine daƙiƙa 11 zuwa 16. Tsawaita PT na iya nuna ƙarancin thrombin profibrinogen ko factor V, W ko X.

Marasa lafiya da ke fama da amai, gudawa, cin kayan lambu masu ganye, barasa ko maganin rigakafi na dogon lokaci, magungunan rage hawan jini, magungunan hana zubar jini ta baki, magungunan narcotic, da kuma yawan shan aspirin suma na iya tsawaita amfani da maganin. Haka kuma, maganin antihistamine barbiturates, magungunan rage kumburi, ko bitamin K na iya haifar da matsalar PT mai ƙarancin inganci.

Idan gwajin jinin majiyyaci ya wuce daƙiƙa 40, za a buƙaci sinadarin bitamin K a cikin jijiya ko kuma ruwan da aka daskare sabo. A riƙa duba jinin majiyyaci lokaci-lokaci, a duba yanayin jijiyoyinsa, sannan a yi gwajin jini na asiri a cikin fitsari da najasa.

 

3. Bayyana sakamakon

Majiyyaci da ke fama da matsalar toshewar jini (coagulation) yawanci yana buƙatar gwaje-gwaje guda biyu, APTT da PT, kuma zai buƙaci ku fassara waɗannan sakamakon, ku wuce waɗannan gwaje-gwajen lokaci, sannan a ƙarshe ku shirya masa magani.