I-Thrombosis kanye ne-hemostasis yimisebenzi ebalulekile yomzimba womuntu, ehilela imithambo yegazi, ama-platelet, izici zokuqina kwegazi, amaprotheni alwa nokuqina kwegazi, kanye nezinhlelo ze-fibrinolytic. Ziyiqoqo lezinhlelo ezilinganiswe kahle eziqinisekisa ukugeleza kwegazi okuvamile emzimbeni womuntu. Ukujikeleza kwegazi okuqhubekayo, akukho ukuphuma kwegazi emthanjeni wegazi (ukopha) noma ukujiya kwegazi emthanjeni wegazi (thrombosis).

Indlela yokusebenza kwe-thrombosis kanye ne-hemostasis ivame ukuhlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu:

Ukuncipha kwegazi ekuqaleni kuhileleke kakhulu odongeni lwemithambo yegazi, amaseli e-endothelial, kanye nama-platelet. Ngemva kokulimala kwemithambo yegazi, ama-platelet ahlangana ngokushesha ukuze ayeke ukopha.

I-hemostasis yesibili, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-plasma hemostasis, ivuselela uhlelo lokujiya ukuze iguqule i-fibrinogen ibe yi-cross-linked fibrin enganyibiliki, eyakha amahlule amakhulu.

I-Fibrinolysis, ephula i-fibrin clot futhi ibuyisele ukuhamba kwegazi okuvamile.

Isinyathelo ngasinye silawulwa kahle ukuze kulondolozwe isimo sokulinganisela. Amaphutha kunoma yikuphi ukuxhumana azoholela ezifweni ezihlobene.

Izinkinga zokopha ziyigama elijwayelekile lezifo ezibangelwa izindlela ezingavamile zokwehliswa kwegazi. Izinkinga zokopha zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: ezizuzwe njengefa nezitholwe, kanti izimpawu zomtholampilo ziwukopha kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezahlukene. Izinkinga zokopha ezizalwa nazo, i-common hemophilia A (ukuntuleka kwe-coagulation factor VIII), i-hemophilia B (ukuntuleka kwe-coagulation factor IX) kanye nokukhubazeka kokwehliswa kwegazi okubangelwa ukuntuleka kwe-fibrinogen; izinkinga zokopha ezitholwe, ezivamile Kukhona ukuntuleka kwe-coagulation factor okuxhomeke ku-vitamin K, izici zokwehliswa kwegazi ezingavamile ezibangelwa yisifo sesibindi, njll.

Izifo ze-Thromboembolic zihlukaniswe kakhulu nge-arterial thrombosis kanye ne-venous thromboembolism (venousthromboembolism, VTE). I-arterial thrombosis ivame kakhulu emithanjeni ye-coronary, emithanjeni yobuchopho, emithanjeni ye-mesenteric, kanye nasemithanjeni yemilenze, njll. Ukuqala kuvame ukuzuma, futhi ubuhlungu obukhulu bendawo bungase buvele, njenge-angina pectoris, ubuhlungu besisu, ubuhlungu obukhulu emilenzeni, njll.; kubangelwa i-tissue ischemia kanye ne-hypoxia ezingxenyeni ezifanele zokuhlinzekwa kwegazi Isitho esingavamile, isakhiwo sezicubu kanye nomsebenzi, njenge-myocardial infarction, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, ukushaqeka kwenhliziyo, i-arrhythmia, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kanye ne-hemiplegia, njll.; ukuphuma kwe-thrombus kubangela i-cerebral embolism, i-renal embolism, i-splenic embolism kanye nezinye izimpawu nezimpawu ezihlobene. I-Venous thrombosis iyindlela evame kakhulu ye-deep vein thrombosis emithanjeni engezansi. Ivame kakhulu emithanjeni ejulile njenge-popliteal vein, i-femoral vein, i-mesenteric vein, kanye ne-portal vein. Izimpawu ezinembile ukuvuvukala kwendawo kanye nobukhulu obungaguquki bemilenze engezansi. I-Thromboembolism ibhekisela ekususweni kwe-thrombus endaweni yokwakheka, ivimbe ingxenye noma ngokuphelele imithambo yegazi ethile ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhamba nokugeleza kwegazi, okubangela i-ischemia, i-hypoxia, i-necrosis (i-arterial thrombosis) kanye nokuminyana, ukuvuvukala (inqubo ye-pathological ye-venous thrombosis). Ngemva kokuba i-deep vein thrombosis yengxenye engezansi iwe, ingangena emthanjeni wamaphaphu ngokujikeleza kwegazi, futhi kuvela izimpawu nezimpawu ze-pulmonary embolism. Ngakho-ke, ukuvimbela i-venous thromboembolism kubaluleke kakhulu.