I-Thrombosis kunye ne-hemostasis zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwi-physiological functions yomzimba womntu, ezibandakanya imithambo yegazi, iiplatelets, izinto ezibangela ukujiya kwegazi, iiproteni ezilwa nokujiya kwegazi, kunye neenkqubo ze-fibrinolytic. Ziiseti zeenkqubo ezilungelelanisiweyo ngokuchanekileyo eziqinisekisa ukuhamba kwegazi okuqhelekileyo emzimbeni womntu. Ukujikeleza kwegazi okuqhubekayo, akukho kuphuma kwimithambo yegazi (igazi eliphumayo) okanye ukujiya kwegazi kwimithambo yegazi (i-thrombosis).

Indlela yokusebenza kwe-thrombosis kunye ne-hemostasis idla ngokwahlulwahlulwa ngamanyathelo amathathu:

Ukuncipha kwegazi ekuqaleni kubandakanyeka kakhulu eludongeni lwemithambo yegazi, kwiiseli ze-endothelial, nakwiiplatelets. Emva kokwenzakala kwemithambo yegazi, iiplatelets ziyaqokelelana ngokukhawuleza ukuze ziyeke ukopha.

I-hemostasis yesibini, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-plasma hemostasis, ivuselela inkqubo yokujiya ukuze iguqule i-fibrinogen ibe yi-insoluble cross-linked fibrin, eyenza amahlwili amakhulu.

I-Fibrinolysis, ephula i-fibrin clot kwaye ibuyisele ukuhamba kwegazi okuqhelekileyo.

Inyathelo ngalinye lilawulwa ngokuchanekileyo ukuze kugcinwe imeko yokulinganisela. Iziphene kuyo nayiphi na ikhonkco ziya kukhokelela kwizifo ezinxulumene noko.

Izifo zokopha zigama eliqhelekileyo lezifo ezibangelwa ziindlela ezingaqhelekanga zokopha. Izifo zokopha zingahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini: ezizuzwe njengelifa nezifunyenweyo, kwaye iimpawu zeklinikhi zikhokelela ekuphumeni kwegazi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Izifo zokopha ezizalwa nazo, i-common hemophilia A (ukusilela kwe-coagulation factor VIII), i-hemophilia B (ukusilela kwe-coagulation factor IX) kunye nokungahambi kakuhle kwe-coagulation okubangelwa kukungabikho kwe-fibrinogen; iingxaki zokopha ezifunyenweyo, eziqhelekileyo Kukho ukungabikho kwe-coagulation factor exhomekeke kwi-vitamin K, izinto zokopha ezingaqhelekanga ezibangelwa sisifo sesibindi, njl.

Izifo ze-Thromboembolic zahlulwe kakhulu kwi-arterial thrombosis kunye ne-venous thromboembolism (venousthromboembolism, VTE). I-arterial thrombosis ixhaphake kakhulu kwimithambo ye-coronary, kwimithambo ye-cerebral, kwimithambo ye-mesenteric, nakwimithambo yemilenze, njl.njl. Ukuqala kwayo kudla ngokuba ngequbuliso, kwaye intlungu enzima yendawo inokwenzeka, njenge-angina pectoris, intlungu yesisu, intlungu enzima kwimilenze, njl.njl.; ibangelwa yi-tissue ischemia kunye ne-hypoxia kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo zokuhambisa igazi Isitho esingaqhelekanga, ulwakhiwo lwezicubu kunye nomsebenzi, njenge-myocardial infarction, ukusilela kwentliziyo, ukothuka kwentliziyo, i-arrhythmia, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye ne-hemiplegia, njl.njl.; ukuchitheka kwe-thrombus kubangela i-cerebral embolism, i-renal embolism, i-splenic embolism kunye nezinye iimpawu ezinxulumene noko. I-venous thrombosis lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe-deep vein thrombosis kwimilenze esezantsi. Ixhaphake kakhulu kwimithambo enzulu efana ne-popliteal vein, i-femoral vein, i-mesenteric vein, kunye ne-portal vein. Iimpawu ezibonakalayo kukudumba kwendawo kunye nobukhulu obungaguqukiyo bemilenze esezantsi. I-Thromboembolism ibhekisa ekususweni kwe-thrombus kwindawo yokwakheka, ivale imithambo yegazi ethile inxalenye okanye ngokupheleleyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokuhamba nokuhamba kwegazi, nto leyo ebangela i-ischemia, i-hypoxia, i-necrosis (i-arterial thrombosis) kunye nokuxinana, ukudumba (inkqubo ye-pathological ye-venous thrombosis). Emva kokuba i-deep vein thrombosis ye-lower end iwele, inokungena kwi-pulmonary artery kunye nokujikeleza kwegazi, kwaye iimpawu kunye neempawu ze-pulmonary embolism ziyavela. Ke ngoko, ukuthintela i-venous thromboembolism kubaluleke kakhulu.