ʻO ka thrombosis a me ka hemostasis he mau hana physiological koʻikoʻi o ke kino kanaka, e pili ana i nā kīʻaha koko, nā platelets, nā mea coagulation, nā protein anticoagulant, a me nā ʻōnaehana fibrinolytic. He mau ʻōnaehana kaulike pololei lākou e hōʻoia i ke kahe maʻamau o ke koko i loko o ke kino kanaka. Ke kahe mau nei o ke kahe, ʻaʻole e ninini ʻia i waho o ke kīʻaha koko (hemorrhage) ʻaʻole hoʻi e coagulation i loko o ke kīʻaha koko (thrombosis).

ʻO ka maʻamau, ua māhele ʻia ke ʻano o ka thrombosis a me ka hemostasis i ʻekolu mau ʻanuʻu:

ʻO ka hemostasis mua e pili nui ana i ka paia o ke kīʻaha koko, nā pūnaewele endothelial, a me nā platelets. Ma hope o ka hōʻeha ʻana o ke kīʻaha koko, hōʻuluʻulu koke nā platelets e hoʻōki i ke kahe ʻana o ke koko.

ʻO ka hemostasis lua, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka hemostasis plasma, hoʻāla i ka ʻōnaehana coagulation e hoʻololi i ka fibrinogen i loko o ka fibrin cross-linked insoluble, kahi e hana ai i nā clots nui.

ʻO Fibrinolysis, kahi e uhaʻi ai i ke koko fibrin a hoʻihoʻi i ke kahe koko maʻamau.

Hoʻoponopono pololei ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻanuʻu e mālama i ke kaulike. ʻO nā hemahema i kekahi loulou e alakaʻi i nā maʻi pili.

ʻO nā maʻi kahe koko kahi huaʻōlelo maʻamau no nā maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā ʻano hana hemostasis maʻamau ʻole. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā maʻi kahe koko i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: hoʻoilina a loaʻa, a ʻo nā hōʻike lapaʻau ke kahe koko nui ma nā ʻāpana like ʻole. ʻO nā maʻi kahe koko hānau, ka hemophilia A maʻamau (nele o ka coagulation factor VIII), hemophilia B (nele o ka coagulation factor IX) a me nā ʻano coagulation i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka nele o ka fibrinogen; nā maʻi kahe koko i loaʻa, maʻamau Aia nā hemahema coagulation factor vitamin K-dependent, nā mea coagulation maʻamau i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka maʻi ake, a pēlā aku.

ʻO nā maʻi thromboembolic ua māhele nui ʻia i ka thrombosis arterial a me ka venous thromboembolism (venousthromboembolism, VTE). ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o ka thrombosis arterial i nā aʻa coronary, nā aʻa cerebral, nā aʻa mesenteric, a me nā aʻa limb, a me nā aʻa limb, a pēlā aku. Hoʻomaka koke pinepine ka hoʻomaka ʻana, a hiki ke loaʻa ka ʻeha koʻikoʻi kūloko, e like me ka angina pectoris, ka ʻeha ʻōpū, ka ʻeha koʻikoʻi i nā lālā, a pēlā aku; ua hoʻokumu ʻia e ka ischemia kiko a me ka hypoxia i nā ʻāpana hoʻolako koko pili. ʻO ke ʻano maʻamau ʻole o ka ʻōpū, ke ʻano a me ka hana o ka ʻiʻo, e like me ka myocardial infarction, ka hāʻule ʻana o ka puʻuwai, ka haʻalulu cardiogenic, ka arrhythmia, ka haunaele o ka ʻike a me ka hemiplegia, a pēlā aku; ʻO ka hoʻokahe ʻana o ka thrombus ke kumu o ka embolism cerebral, ka embolism renal, ka embolism splenic a me nā hōʻailona a me nā hōʻailona pili ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka thrombosis Venous ke ʻano maʻamau o ka thrombosis vein hohonu i nā ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa. He mea maʻamau ia i nā veins hohonu e like me ka popliteal vein, femoral vein, mesenteric vein, a me portal vein. ʻO nā hōʻike intuitive he pehu kūloko a me ka mānoanoa like ʻole o nā ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka Thromboembolism e pili ana i ka hemo ʻana o ka thrombus mai kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai, e ālai hapa a piha paha i kekahi mau kīʻaha koko i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana o ka neʻe ʻana me ke kahe koko, e hana ana i ka ischemia, hypoxia, necrosis (arterial thrombosis) a me ka congestion, edema (kaʻina hana pathological o ka venous thrombosis). Ma hope o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka deep vein thrombosis o ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa, hiki iā ia ke komo i loko o ke aʻa pulmonary me ke kahe koko, a ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona a me nā hōʻailona o ka pulmonary embolism. No laila, he mea nui loa ka pale ʻana i ka venous thromboembolism.