Thrombosis da hemostasis muhimman ayyuka ne na jiki na jikin ɗan adam, waɗanda suka haɗa da jijiyoyin jini, platelets, abubuwan da ke haifar da coagulation, sunadaran hana ɗaukar jini, da tsarin fibrinolytic. Su tsarin tsari ne mai daidaito wanda ke tabbatar da kwararar jini a jikin ɗan adam. Ci gaba da zagayawa na kwarara, ba ya zubewa daga jijiyoyin jini (zubar jini) ko kuma coagulation a cikin jijiyoyin jini (thrombosis).

Tsarin thrombosis da hemostasis yawanci ana raba su zuwa matakai uku:

Hawan jini na farko yana da alaƙa da bangon jijiyoyin jini, ƙwayoyin endothelial, da kuma platelets. Bayan raunin jijiyoyin jini, platelets suna taruwa da sauri don dakatar da zubar jini.

Hemostasis na biyu, wanda kuma aka sani da plasma hemostasis, yana kunna tsarin coagulation don canza fibrinogen zuwa fibrin da ba ya narkewa, wanda ke samar da manyan gudawa.

Fibrinolysis, wanda ke karya gudan jini na fibrin kuma yana dawo da yadda jini ke gudana.

An tsara kowane mataki daidai domin kiyaye daidaito. Lalacewa a kowace alaƙa za ta haifar da cututtuka masu alaƙa.

Matsalolin zubar jini kalma ce ta gama gari da ake amfani da ita wajen magance cututtuka da suka samo asali daga rashin daidaituwar hanyoyin zubar jini. Matsalolin zubar jini za a iya raba su kashi biyu: gado da kuma wanda aka samu, kuma alamun asibiti galibi su ne zubar jini a sassa daban-daban. Matsalolin zubar jini na haihuwa, hemophilia na yau da kullun A (rashin coagulation factor VIII), hemophilia B (rashin coagulation factor IX) da matsalolin coagulation da suka samo asali daga rashin fibrinogen; matsalolin zubar jini da aka samu, na yau da kullun Akwai karancin coagulation factor da ke dogara da bitamin K, abubuwan coagulation marasa kyau da cututtukan hanta ke haifarwa, da sauransu.

Cututtukan Thromboembolic galibi sun kasu kashi biyu: thrombosis na jijiya da thromboembolism na jijiya (venousthromboembolism, VTE). Thrombosis na jijiya ya fi yawa a cikin jijiyoyin zuciya, jijiyoyin kwakwalwa, jijiyoyin mesenteric, da jijiyoyin gaɓoɓi, da sauransu. Sau da yawa yakan fara ne kwatsam, kuma ciwo mai tsanani na iya faruwa a gida, kamar angina pectoris, ciwon ciki, ciwo mai tsanani a gaɓoɓi, da sauransu; yana faruwa ne ta hanyar ischemia na nama da hypoxia a cikin sassan samar da jini masu dacewa. Rashin daidaituwa na gabobi, tsarin nama da aikinsu, kamar bugun zuciya, gazawar zuciya, girgizar zuciya, arrhythmia, rikicewar sani da hemiplegia, da sauransu; zubar jini na thrombus yana haifar da embolism na kwakwalwa, embolism na koda, embolism na splenic da sauran alamu da alamu masu alaƙa. Thrombosis na jijiya shine nau'in thrombosis na jijiya mai zurfi da aka fi sani a ƙananan gaɓoɓi. Yana da yawa a cikin jijiyoyin jini masu zurfi kamar jijiyoyin popliteal, jijiyoyin femoral, jijiyoyin mesenteric, da jijiyoyin portal. Alamomin da ba a iya ganewa ba sune kumburi na gida da kauri mara daidaituwa na ƙananan gaɓoɓi. Thromboembolism yana nufin rabuwar thrombus daga wurin da aka samar da jini, toshe wasu jijiyoyin jini gaba ɗaya ko gaba ɗaya yayin da ake tafiya tare da kwararar jini, yana haifar da ischemia, hypoxia, necrosis (thrombosis na jijiya) da cunkoso, kumburi (tsarin cututtukan thrombosis na jijiyoyin jini). Bayan zubar jini mai zurfi na ƙananan gaɓoɓi ya faɗi, yana iya shiga jijiyar huhu tare da zagayawar jini, kuma alamu da alamun embolism na huhu suna bayyana. Saboda haka, rigakafin thrombosis na jijiyoyin jini yana da matuƙar muhimmanci.