Ebomini, abantu baya kuqhawuka baze bophe igazi ngamanye amaxesha. Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, ukuba amanye amanxeba awanyangwa, igazi liya kuqhawuka kancinci kancinci, liyeke ukopha ngokwalo, kwaye ekugqibeleni lishiye amaxolo egazi. Kutheni kunjalo? Zeziphi izinto ezidlale indima ebalulekileyo kule nkqubo? Okulandelayo, makhe sihlolisise ulwazi lokuqhawuka kwegazi kunye!

Njengoko sonke sisazi, igazi lijikeleza rhoqo emzimbeni womntu phantsi kokutyhalwa yintliziyo ukuhambisa ioksijini, iiproteni, amanzi, ii-electrolytes kunye neecarbohydrate ezifunekayo emzimbeni. Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, igazi lihamba kwimithambo yegazi. Xa imithambo yegazi yonakele, umzimba uya kuyeka ukopha nokujiya ngokusebenzisa uthotho lweempendulo. Ukujiya okuqhelekileyo kunye nokujiya kwegazi emzimbeni womntu kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwisakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi wodonga lwemithambo yegazi olungasebenziyo, umsebenzi oqhelekileyo wezinto ezijiyayo, kunye nomgangatho kunye nobungakanani beeplatelets ezisebenzayo.

Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, iiplatelets zibekwe ecaleni kweendonga zangaphakathi zee-capillaries ukugcina ukuqina kweendonga zemithambo yegazi. Xa imithambo yegazi yonakele, kuqala kuqale kube nokufinyela, okwenza iindonga zemithambo yegazi kwindawo eyonakeleyo zisondelelane, kuncitshiswe inxeba kwaye kuncitshiswe ukuhamba kwegazi. Kwangaxeshanye, iiplatelets ziyanamathela, zihlanganise kwaye zikhuphe umxholo kwindawo eyonakeleyo, zenze i-platelet thrombus yendawo, ivale inxeba. I-hemostasis yemithambo yegazi kunye neeplatelets ibizwa ngokuba yi-initial hemostasis, kwaye inkqubo yokwenza i-fibrin clot kwindawo eyonzakeleyo emva kokusebenza kwenkqubo yokuxinana ukuvimba inxeba ibizwa ngokuba yi-secondary hemostatic mechanism.

Ngokukodwa, ukujiya kwegazi kubhekisa kwinkqubo apho igazi litshintsha ukusuka kwimeko yokugeleza ukuya kwimeko yokungajiyi kwegazi. Ukujiya kuthetha ukuba uthotho lwezinto ezijiya igazi lusebenza ngokulandelelana yi-enzymolysis, kwaye ekugqibeleni kwakheka i-thrombin ukwenza i-fibrin clot.Inkqubo yokujiya idla ngokuquka iindlela ezintathu, indlela yokujiya kwe-endogenous, indlela yokujiya kwe-exogenous kunye nendlela yokujiya eqhelekileyo.

1) Indlela yokujiya kwegazi e-endogen iqalwa yi-coagulation factor XII ngokusebenzisa i-contact reaction. Ngokusebenzisa kunye ne-reaction yeentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto ezijiya igazi, i-prothrombin ekugqibeleni iguqulwa ibe yi-thrombin. I-Thrombin iguqula i-fibrinogen ibe yi-fibrin ukuze kufezekiswe injongo yokujiya kwegazi.

2) Indlela yokujiya kwamalungu omzimba engaphandle ibhekisa ekukhululweni kwe-tissue factor yayo, efuna ixesha elifutshane lokujiya kwamalungu omzimba kunye nokuphendula ngokukhawuleza.

Izifundo zibonise ukuba indlela yokujiya kwe-endogenous kunye nendlela yokujiya kwe-exogenous zingasetyenziswa zombini kwaye zisebenze zombini.

3) Indlela eqhelekileyo yokujiya ibhekisa kwinqanaba eliqhelekileyo lokujiya kwenkqubo yokujiya kwe-endogenous kunye nenkqubo yokujiya kwe-exogenous, equka ikakhulu amanqanaba amabini okuveliswa kwe-thrombin kunye nokwakheka kwe-fibrin.

Oko kubizwa ngokuba yi-hemostasis kunye nomonakalo wemithambo yegazi, ovuselela indlela yokujiya kwangaphandle. Umsebenzi we-physiological wendlela yokujiya kwangaphakathi awucaci kakuhle okwangoku. Nangona kunjalo, kuqinisekile ukuba indlela yokujiya kwegazi yangaphakathi ingasetyenziswa xa umzimba womntu udibana nezinto zokwenziwa, oko kuthetha ukuba izinto zebhayoloji zinokubangela ukujiya kwegazi emzimbeni womntu, kwaye le nto iye yaba ngumqobo omkhulu ekufakweni kwezixhobo zonyango emzimbeni womntu.

Ukungaqheleki okanye imiqobo kuyo nayiphi na into edibanisa ukujiya kwegazi okanye ikhonkco kwinkqubo yokujiya kwegazi kuya kubangela ukungaqhelekanga okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwenkqubo yonke yokujiya kwegazi. Kuyabonakala ukuba ukujiya kwegazi yinkqubo enzima nebuthathaka emzimbeni womntu, edlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni ubomi bethu.