Muhupenyu, vanhu vanozongoerekana vabuda ropa nguva nenguva. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa, kana mamwe maronda akasarapwa, ropa rinozogwamba zvishoma nezvishoma, romira kubuda ropa roga, uye pakupedzisira robuda maganda eropa. Sei zvakadaro? Ndezvipi zvinhu zvakabatsira zvikuru mukuita uku? Tevere, ngationgororei ruzivo rwekugwamba kweropa pamwe chete!

Sezvatinoziva tese, ropa rinogara richitenderera mumuviri wemunhu richisundwa nemoyo kuti ritakure okisijeni, mapuroteni, mvura, maelectrolyte nemacarbohydrate anodiwa nemuviri. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa, ropa rinoyerera mutsinga dzeropa. Kana tsinga dzeropa dzikakuvara, muviri unomira kubuda ropa uye kugomara kuburikidza nekuita kwakasiyana-siyana. Kugomara kwakajairika uye kuyerera kweropa mumuviri wemunhu zvinonyanya kuenderana nechimiro uye mashandiro emadziro etsinga dzeropa dzisina kugadzika, mashandiro akajairwa ezvinhu zvinogomera, uye mhando nehuwandu hwemaplatelet anoshanda.

Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairika, maplatelet anorongwa pamadziro emukati me capillaries kuchengetedza kusimba kwemadziro etsinga yeropa. Kana mitsinga yeropa yakuvara, kusungwa kunotanga, zvichiita kuti madziro etsinga dzeropa dziri muchikamu chakakuvara ave pedyo, zvichideredza ronda uye zvichideredza kufamba kweropa. Panguva imwe chete, maplatelet anonamira, anounganidza uye anoburitsa zviri mukati muchikamu chakakuvara, zvichigadzira platelet thrombus yemuno, ichivhara ronda. Kubuda kweropa mutsinga dzeropa nemaplatelet kunonzi initial hemostasis, uye maitiro ekugadzira fibrin clot panzvimbo yakakuvara mushure mekushanda kwe coagulation system kudzivirira ronda kunonzi secondary hemostatic mechanism.

Zvikurukuru, kuvharika kweropa zvinoreva maitiro apo ropa rinochinja kubva pakuyerera kuenda kukusayerera kwejeli. Kuvharika kweropa zvinoreva kuti zvinhu zvakawanda zvinovharika zvinoitwa neenzyme, uye pakupedzisira thrombin inoumbwa kuti igadzire fibrin clot.Maitiro ekugwamba kwemasero anowanzo sanganisira nzira nhatu, nzira yekugwamba kwemasero emuviri, nzira yekugwamba kwemasero eropa ekunze uye nzira yekugwamba kwemasero eropa yakajairika.

1) Nzira yekuomesesa kweropa inotangwa nechinhu chinoomesesa XII kuburikidza nekubatana. Kuburikidza nekushanda uye kuita kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoomesesa, prothrombin inozopedzisira yashandurwa kuita thrombin. Thrombin inoshandura fibrinogen kuita fibrin kuti iite chinangwa chekuomesesa kweropa.

2) Nzira yekubuda kweropa kubva kunze inoreva kuburitswa kwechinhu chayo chemuviri, icho chinoda nguva pfupi yekubuda kweropa uye mhinduro nekukurumidza.

Ongororo dzakaratidza kuti nzira yekuomeserana kwemasero emuviri (endogenous coagulation pathway) uye nzira yekuomeserana kwemasero emuviri (exogenous coagulation pathway) zvinogona kuomeserana uye kuomeserana.

3) Nzira yekuomeserana kwemasero inoreva danho rekuomeserana kwemasero emuviri (endogenous coagulation system) uye nzira yekuomeserana kwemasero emuviri (exogenous coagulation system), iyo inonyanya kusanganisira matanho maviri ekugadzira thrombin uye kuumbwa kwefibrin.

Kukuvadzwa kweropa kunonzi hemostasis uye kukuvara kwetsinga dzeropa, izvo zvinoita kuti nzira yekuvharika kweropa ishande. Basa remuviri wenzira yekuvharika kweropa re endogenous harisi pachena pari zvino. Zvisinei, zvine chokwadi kuti nzira yekuvharika kweropa re endogenous inogona kushanda kana muviri wemunhu wasangana nezvinhu zvekugadzira, zvinoreva kuti zvinhu zvehupenyu zvinogona kukonzera kuvharika kweropa mumuviri wemunhu, uye chiitiko ichi chavewo chipingamupinyi chikuru pakuiswa kwezvishandiso zvekurapa mumuviri wemunhu.

Zvisina kujairika kana zvipingamupinyi mune chero chinhu chinosunga ropa kana chinobatana nechinhu chinosunga ropa zvinokonzera kusagadzikana kana kusashanda zvakanaka kwese kwekuisa ropa mumuviri. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti kuisa ropa mumuviri inzira yakaoma uye inonzwisisika mumuviri wemunhu, iyo inoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza hupenyu hwedu.