I roto i ngā kupu hauora, ko te "whakapūngao toto" he tukanga uaua ā-tinana, e pā ana ki tētahi raupapa o ngā tauhohenga e huri ai te toto mai i te wai ki te toto totoka, rite ki te tiēre. Ko te kaupapa matua he whakamutu i te toto me te ārai i te nui o te toto e ngaro ana. Anei tētahi whakamārama taipitopito mai i ngā āhuatanga o ngā āhuatanga whakapūngao toto, te tukanga whakapūngao toto me te tikanga whakapūngao toto rerekē:

1-Ngā āhuatanga toto totoka: He maha ngā āhuatanga toto totoka i roto i te toto, pērā i te āhuatanga I (fibrinogen), te āhuatanga II (prothrombin), te āhuatanga V, te āhuatanga VII, te āhuatanga VIII, te āhuatanga IX, te āhuatanga X, te āhuatanga XI, te āhuatanga XII, me ētahi atu. Ko te nuinga o ēnei ka hangaia i roto i te ate. He mahi nui tā ēnei āhuatanga toto totoka i roto i te tukanga toto totoka, ā, mā roto i te raupapa o ngā whakahohenga me ngā taunekeneke, ka toto totoka te toto.

2-Te Tukanga Whakapūpū: Ka taea te wehewehe ki te ara whakapūpū ā-roto me te ara whakapūpū ā-waho. Ka hono ngā ara e rua ki te ara whakapūpū noa hei hanga thrombin, ā, ka huri i te fibrinogen hei fibrin hei hanga i te toto totoka.
(1) Ara toto toto ā-roto: Ina pakaru te endothelium vascular, ā, ka pā te toto ki ngā muka collagen subendothelial kua kitea, ka whakahohehia te wāhanga XII, ka tīmata te ara toto toto ā-roto. Kātahi ka whakahohehia te wāhanga XI, te wāhanga IX, te wāhanga X, me ētahi atu i roto i te raupapa, ā, i te mutunga, i runga i te mata phospholipid i whakaratohia e ngā pereti toto, ka hanga ngātahitia e te wāhanga X, te wāhanga V, ngā katote konupūmā me ngā phospholipid te kaiwhakaoho prothrombin.

(2) Ara toto toto o waho: Ka tīmata mā te tukunga o te ira kiko (TF) e te kino o te kiko. Ka honoa te TF ki te ira VII hei hanga i tētahi matatini TF-VII, ka whakahohe i te ira X, kātahi ka hanga i te kaiwhakaoho prothrombin. He tere ake te ara toto toto o waho i te ara toto toto o roto, ā, ka taea e ia te whakatōtika i te toto i roto i te wā poto ake.

(3) Ara toto toto noa: Whai muri i te hanganga o te kaiwhakaoho prothrombin, ka whakahohehia te prothrombin hei thrombin. Ko te Thrombin tētahi o ngā mea matua hei whakapūmau i te hurihanga o te fibrinogen ki ngā monomer fibrin. I raro i te mahi a te factor XIII me ngā ion konupūmā, ka honoa ngā monomer fibrin hei hanga i ngā polymer fibrin pumau. Ka whatuhia ēnei polymer fibrin ki roto i tētahi whatunga, ka mauhere i ngā pūtau toto hei hanga i ngā toto totoka me te whakaoti i te tukanga toto totoka.

3-Te tikanga toto totoka rerekē: tae atu ki te hypercoagulability me ngā mate toto totoka.
(1) Te Āhua Totoka Nui: Kei roto te tinana i te āhua totoka nui, ā, he ngāwari ki te pāngia e te thrombosis. Hei tauira, i roto i ngā whara kino, i ngā pokanga nui, i ngā pukupuku kino, me ētahi atu, ka piki ake te mahi a ngā mea totoka me ngā pereti toto i roto i te toto, ā, ka piki ake te matotoru o te toto, ka taea ai te arahi ngāwari ki te thrombosis, ka puta ai ngā mate kino pēnei i te pulmonary embolism, te infarction roro, te infarction myocardial, me ētahi atu, ā, ka tūpono ki te ora.

(2) Mate toto totoka: e pā ana ki te korenga, te mahi rerekē rānei o ētahi āhuatanga totoka i roto i te tukanga totoka, ka hua ake te pikinga o te toto. Ko ngā take noa ko te korenga o te āhuatanga totoka ira tuku iho, pērā i te hemophilia A (korenga o te āhuatanga VIII) me te hemophilia B (korenga o te āhuatanga IX); te korenga o te huaora K, e pā ana ki te hanganga o ngā āhuatanga II, VII, IX, me te X; te mate ate, e hua ake ai te iti o te hanganga o ngā āhuatanga totoka; me te whakamahinga o ngā rongoā ārai totoka, pērā i te warfarin me te heparin, e aukati ana i te tukanga totoka.

He mea nui te toto totoka hei pupuri i te mahi noa o te tinana tangata. Tērā pea ka pā kino te koretake o te mahi toto totoka ki te hauora. I roto i te mahi haumanu, he maha ngā whakamātautau toto totoka e whakamahia ana hei aromatawai i te mahi toto totoka o te tūroro, kia kitea ai, kia rongoātia ai hoki ngā mate e pā ana ki te toto totoka i te wā tika.