Ukopha ngaphansi kwesikhumba kuyisibonakaliso nje, futhi izimbangela zokopha ngaphansi kwesikhumba ziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ziyahlukahluka. Ukopha ngaphansi kwesikhumba okubangelwa yizizathu ezahlukene kuyahlukahluka ngobukhulu, ngakho-ke amanye amacala okopha ngaphansi kwesikhumba anzima kakhulu, kanti amanye awabi bucayi.

1. Ukopha okukhulu ngaphansi kwesikhumba:
(1) Ukutheleleka okukhulu kubangela ukopha ngaphansi kwesikhumba: ngokuvamile kungenxa yokuthi imikhiqizo ye-metabolic yezifo ezithathelwanayo iholela ekungeneni okukhulu kodonga lwe-capillary kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kokujiya kwegazi, okuholela ekuphumeni kwegazi okungavamile, okubonakala njengokuphuma kwegazi ngaphansi kwesikhumba, futhi okungase kuhambisane nokushaqeka kwe-septic ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ngakho-ke kuyingozi kakhulu.
(2) Isifo sesibindi sibangela ukopha ngaphansi kwesikhumba: Lapho izifo zesibindi ezahlukahlukene njenge-hepatitis ebangelwa yigciwane, i-cirrhosis, kanye nesifo sesibindi esibangelwa utshwala zibangela ukopha ngaphansi kwesikhumba, ngokuvamile kubangelwa yisifo sesibindi esiholela ekuhlulekeni kwesibindi kanye nokuntuleka kwezici zokubopha. Ngenxa yokuthi ukusebenza kwesibindi kulimele kakhulu, kuba kubi kakhulu.
(3) Izifo zegazi zingabangela ukopha ngaphansi kwesikhumba: izifo ezahlukahlukene zegazi ezifana ne-aplastic anemia, i-hemophilia, i-thrombocytopenic purpura, i-leukemia, njll. zonke zingaholela ekungasebenzi kahle kokugaya igazi futhi zibangele ukopha ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Ngenxa yobukhulu balezi zifo eziyinhloko ezingelapheki, zimbi kakhulu.

2. Ukopha okuncane ngaphansi kwesikhumba:
(1) Ukopha ngaphansi kwesikhumba okubangelwa yimiphumela emibi yemithi: Ukopha ngaphansi kwesikhumba okubangelwa yimiphumela emibi yemithi efana namaphilisi e-aspirin enteric coated kanye namaphilisi e-clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate. Izimpawu ziyathuthuka ngokushesha ngemva kokuyeka imithi, ngakho-ke azibi zimbi kakhulu.
(2) Ukopha ngaphansi kwesikhumba okubangelwa ukubhoboza imithambo yegazi: Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqoqwa kwegazi emithanjeni noma ukufakwa emthanjeni, ukopha ngaphansi kwesikhumba kungase kubangelwe ukubhoboza imithambo yegazi, futhi inani lokopha lincane futhi lilinganiselwe. Lingamunca futhi liphele lodwa ngemva kwesonto, futhi ngokuvamile alibi kakhulu.

Ukuze uthole ukuphuma kwegazi ngaphansi kwesikhumba, kubalulekile ukuthi uqale uhlole imbangela yokopha ngaphambi kokuhlola isimo. Qaphela ukuthi ugweme noma yiluphi uhlobo lokushukunyiswa kwangaphandle endaweni yokopha, okuhlanganisa ukuklwebheka, ukucindezelwa, nokuhlikihla.