Ukopha kwegazi ngaphantsi kwesikhumba kufuna ezi zifundo zilandelayo:
1. Uvavanyo lomzimba
Ukusasazeka kokopha kwegazi ngaphantsi kwesikhumba, nokuba uluhlu lwe-ecchymosis purpura kunye ne-ecchymosis luphezulu kunomphezulu wolusu, nokuba luyaphela, nokuba luhamba nokurhawuzelelwa kunye nentlungu, nokuba kukho ukopha kweentsini, ukopha empumlweni, umkhuhlane, kwaye nokuba kukho iimpawu ze-anemia ezifana nolusu olukhanyayo, ibhedi yezinzipho, kunye ne-sclera.
2. Uvavanyo lwelebhu
Kubandakanya inani leeplatelet, inani legazi, inani lomongo wamathambo, umsebenzi wokujiya kwegazi, umsebenzi wesibindi nezintso, uvavanyo lwe-immunological, i-D-dimer, inkqubo yomchamo, inkqubo yendle, njl.njl.
3. Uvavanyo lomfanekiso
Uvavanyo lwe-X-ray, i-CT, i-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), okanye uvavanyo lwe-PET/CT lwezilonda zamathambo lunokunceda ekuchongeni izigulane ze-myeloma ezineentlungu zamathambo.
4. Uvavanyo lwezifo
Ukuhlolwa ngokuthe ngqo kwezilonda zesikhumba kunye nolusu olujikelezileyo kubonisa ukubekwa kwe-IgA, i-complement, kunye ne-fibrin eludongeni lwemithambo yegazi, ezinokusetyenziselwa ukuxilonga i-allergy purpura, njl.njl.
5. Uhlolo olukhethekileyo
Uvavanyo lobuthathaka be-capillary lunokunceda ekuchongeni unobangela wokopha kwegazi ngaphantsi kwesikhumba ngokuhlola ukuba kukho ukwanda kobuthathaka bemithambo yegazi okanye umonakalo kwi-vascular intima, kunye nokuba kukho ukungaqheleki kubungakanani okanye umgangatho weeplatelets.