Ngokwezonyango, "ukujiya" yinkqubo entsonkothileyo ye-physiological, ebhekisa kuthotho lweempendulo apho igazi litshintsha ukusuka kulwelo ukuya kutsho kumahlwili egazi aqinileyo afana nejeli. Injongo ephambili kukuyeka ukopha nokuthintela ukulahleka kwegazi okugqithisileyo. Oku kulandelayo yinkcazo eneenkcukacha ezivela kwiinkalo zezinto ezijiyayo, inkqubo yokujiya kunye nendlela engaqhelekanga yokujiya:

1-Izinto ezibangela ukujiya kwegazi: Kukho izinto ezininzi ezibangela ukujiya kwegazi, ezifana ne-factor I (fibrinogen), i-factor II (prothrombin), i-factor V, i-factor VII, i-factor VIII, i-factor IX, i-factor X, i-factor XI, i-factor XII, njl. Uninzi lwazo lwenziwa esibindini. Ezi zinto zibangela ukujiya kwegazi zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokujiya kwegazi, kwaye ngothotho lwemisebenzi kunye nokusebenzisana, igazi ekugqibeleni liyajiya igazi.

Inkqubo yokujiya kwe-2: Ingahlulwa ibe yindlela yokujiya kwe-intrinsic kunye nendlela yokujiya kwe-extogenous. Zombini ezi ndlela ekugqibeleni zidibana kwindlela eqhelekileyo yokujiya kwe-common ukuze zenze i-thrombin, ethi yona iguqule i-fibrinogen ibe yi-fibrin ukuze yenze i-blood clot.
(1) Indlela yokujiya kwangaphakathi: Xa i-endothelium yemithambo yegazi yonakele kwaye igazi lidibana nee-collagen fibers ezivezwe yi-subendothelial, i-factor XII iyavulwa, iqalisa indlela yokujiya kwangaphakathi. I-Factor XI, i-factor IX, i-factor X, njl. emva koko zivulwa ngokulandelelana, kwaye ekugqibeleni, kumphezulu we-phospholipid obonelelwa zii-platelets, i-factor X, i-factor V, ii-calcium ions kunye nee-phospholipids kunye zenza i-prothrombin activator.

(2) Indlela yokujiya kwe-extrinsic: Iqalwa kukukhululwa kwe-tissue factor (TF) ngomonakalo we-tissue. I-TF idibana ne-factor VII ukwenza i-TF-VII complex, evuselela i-factor X ize emva koko yenze i-prothrombin activator. Indlela yokujiya kwe-extrinsic ikhawuleza kunendlela yokujiya kwe-intrinsic kwaye inokubangela ukuba igazi lijiye ngexesha elifutshane.

(3) Indlela eqhelekileyo yokujiya: Emva kokuba i-activator ye-prothrombin yenziwe, i-prothrombin iyasebenza kwi-thrombin. I-Thrombin yinto ephambili yokujiya ekhuthaza ukuguqulwa kwe-fibrinogen ibe yi-fibrin monomers. Phantsi kwesenzo se-factor XIII kunye ne-calcium ions, ii-fibrin monomers ziyadibana ukuze zenze ii-fibrin polymers ezizinzileyo. Ezi polymers ze-fibrin zidibene zibe yinethiwekhi, zibambe iiseli zegazi ukuze zenze amahlwili egazi kwaye zigqibezele inkqubo yokujiya.

3-Indlela engaqhelekanga yokujiya: kuquka ukujiya kwegazi kakhulu kunye neengxaki zokujiya kwegazi.
(1) Ukuxinana kwegazi: Umzimba ukwimeko yokuxinana kwegazi kakhulu kwaye usengozini yokuxinana kwegazi. Umzekelo, kwiimeko zokonzakala okukhulu, utyando olukhulu, iithumba ezinobungozi, njl.njl., umsebenzi wezinto ezixinana igazi kunye neeplatelets egazini uyanda, kwaye ukuxinana kwegazi kuyanda, okunokukhokelela kwi-thrombosis ngokulula, okunokubangela izifo ezinzulu ezifana ne-pulmonary embolism, i-cerebral infarction, i-myocardial infarction, njl.njl., kwaye kubeke ubomi esichengeni.

(2) Ingxaki yokuxinana kwegazi: ibhekisa ekuswelekeni okanye ekusebenzeni okungaqhelekanga kwezinto ezithile ezibangela ukuxinana kwegazi kwinkqubo yokuxinana kwegazi, nto leyo ekhokelela ekwandeni kokuthambekela kokopha kwegazi. Izizathu eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukunqongophala kwezinto ezibangela ukuxinana kwegazi, ezifana ne-hemophilia A (ukungabikho kwe-factor VIII) kunye ne-hemophilia B (ukungabikho kwe-factor IX); ukunqongophala kwe-vitamin K, okuchaphazela ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto II, VII, IX, kunye ne-X; isifo sesibindi, esikhokelela ekwandeni kokuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezibangela ukuxinana kwegazi; kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezithintela ukuxinana kwegazi, ezifana ne-warfarin kunye ne-heparin, ezithintela inkqubo yokuxinana kwegazi.

Ukuqina kwemithambo kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo komzimba womntu. Nakuphi na ukungaqhelekanga ekusebenzeni kokuqina kwemithambo kunokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwimpilo. Kwimisebenzi yeklinikhi, iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo zokuqina kwemithambo, ezifana nexesha le-prothrombin (PT), ixesha le-activated partial thromboplastin (APTT), ukumisela i-fibrinogen, njl.njl., zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukusebenza kokuqina kwemithambo yesigulana, ukuze kufunyanwe kwaye kunyangwe izifo ezinxulumene nokuqina kwemithambo ngexesha elifanelekileyo.