Izifo ezibangela ukopha kwegazi ngaphantsi kwesikhumba zingafunyaniswa ngezi ndlela zilandelayo:
1. I-Aplastic anemia
Ulusu lubonakala njengamabala okophayo okanye imivumbo emikhulu, ehamba nokopha okuvela kwi-mucosa yomlomo, kwi-mucosa yempumlo, kwiintsini, kwi-conjunctiva, nakwezinye iindawo, okanye kwiimeko ezinzima zokopha amalungu omzimba anzulu. Isenokuhamba neempawu ezifana ne-anemia kunye nosulelo. Uvavanyo lwelabhoratri lubonise i-pancytosis enkulu kwinani legazi, ukwehla okukhulu kokwanda komongo wethambo kwiindawo ezininzi, kunye nokwehla okukhulu kwi-granulocytes, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, kunye nee-megakaryocytes.
2. I-myeloma ephindaphindiweyo
Ukopha empumlweni, ukopha emathanjeni, kunye namanxeba amfusa eluswini zizinto eziqhelekileyo, ezihamba nomonakalo ocacileyo wamathambo, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso, i-anemia, usulelo, kunye nezinye iimpawu.
Inani legazi lidla ngokubonisa i-anemia eqhelekileyo ye-cell positive pigment; Ukwanda okungaqhelekanga kweeseli ze-plasma kwi-bone mongo, kunye neenqwaba zeeseli ze-myeloma ezivelayo; Uphawu oluphambili lwesi sifo kukubakho kweproteni ye-M kwi-serum; Inkqubo yomchamo ingabandakanya i-proteinuria, i-hematuria, kunye nomchamo ojikelezayo; Ukuxilongwa kunokwenziwa ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zemifanekiso yezilonda zamathambo.
3. I-leukemia ebukhali
Ukopha igazi kubangelwa ikakhulu yi-ecchymosis yolusu, ukopha empumlweni, ukopha kwamazinyo, ukuya exesheni okugqithisileyo, kwaye kunokubakho kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba, kuhamba nokukhula kwe-lymph node, ukuqaqamba kwe-sternal, kunye neempawu ze-leukemia yenkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi.
Uninzi lwezigulane lubonisa ukwanda kweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi kumlinganiselo wazo wegazi kunye nokwanda okukhulu kweeseli zenyukliya kumongo wazo wethambo, ikakhulu ezakhiwe ziiseli zokuqala. Ukuxilongwa kwe-leukemia ngokubanzi akunzima ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zonyango, igazi kunye neempawu zomongo wethambo.
4. I-Vascular hemophilia
Ukopha igazi kubangelwa kakhulu lusu kunye ne-mucous membranes, kwaye kuchaphazela amadoda nabafazi. Izigulane ezingamantombazana ezikwishumi elivisayo zinokubonisa ukuya exesheni okugqithisileyo okunciphayo ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Ukuxilongwa kungenziwa ngokusekelwe kubukho okanye ukungabikho kwembali yosapho, ukopha okuzenzekelayo okanye ukwenzakala, okanye ukopha okongeziweyo emva kotyando, kudityaniswe neempawu zeklinikhi kunye novavanyo lwelebhu.
5. Ukusasaza ukujiya kwemithambo yegazi
Kukho usulelo olunzima, iithumba ezinobungozi, ukwenzakala ngotyando kunye nezinye izinto ezibangela umhlaza, ezibonakaliswa kukopha okuzenzekelayo nokuphindaphindiweyo. Amatyala aqatha anokubangela ukopha kwegazi ngaphakathi kwesisu nangaphakathi kwentloko. Oku kuhamba neempawu zokothuka okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwamalungu omzimba afana nemiphunga, izintso, kunye nengqondo.
Uvavanyo lovavanyo lubonisa ukuba iiplatelets<100X10 μ L, umxholo we-plasma fibrinogen<1.5g/L okanye>4g/L, uvavanyo lwe-3P oluqinisekileyo okanye i-plasma FDP>20mg/L, amanqanaba aphezulu okanye aqinisekileyo e-D-dimer, kunye ne-PT efutshane okanye ende kangangemizuzwana engaphezu kwemi-3 zinokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.