N'okwu ahụike, "coagulation" bụ usoro dị mgbagwoju anya nke anụ ahụ, nke na-ezo aka n'usoro mmeghachi omume nke ọbara na-agbanwe site na mmiri mmiri gaa na mkpụkọ ọbara siri ike dị ka gel. Isi ihe kpatara ya bụ ịkwụsị ọbara ọgbụgba ma gbochie oke mfu ọbara. Ihe ndị a bụ nkọwa zuru ezu site na akụkụ nke ihe coagulation, usoro coagulation na usoro coagulation na-adịghị mma:

1-Ihe Ndị Na-akpata Mkpọchi: E nwere ọtụtụ ihe ndị na-akpata mkọchi ọbara n'ọbara, dịka ihe nke mbụ (fibrinogen), ihe nke abụọ (prothrombin), ihe nke ise (V), ihe nke asatọ (VII), ihe nke asatọ (VII), ihe nke isii (VII), ihe nke itoolu (VII), ihe nke iri na otu (XI), ihe nke iri na otu (VII), wdg. A na-emepụta ọtụtụ n'ime ha n'ime imeju. Ihe ndị a na-akpata mkọchi ọbara na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na usoro mkọchi ọbara, site na usoro mkpali na mmekọrịta, ọbara na-agbakọta n'ikpeazụ.

Usoro nke abụọ nke njikọta ọbara: Enwere ike kewaa ya n'ime ụzọ njikọ ọbara na ụzọ njikọ ọbara na-apụta n'èzí. Ụzọ abụọ ahụ na-emesịa na-ejikọta na ụzọ njikọ ọbara iji mepụta thrombin, nke na-agbanwe fibrinogen ka ọ bụrụ fibrin iji mepụta mkpụkọ ọbara.
(1) Ụzọ coagulation dị n'ime ọbara: Mgbe endothelium nke vaskụla mebiri emebi ma ọbara ahụ metụta eriri collagen subendothelial a na-ekpughe, a na-eme ka factor XII rụọ ọrụ, na-amalite ụzọ coagulation dị n'ime ahụ. A na-eme ka Factor XI, factor IX, factor X, wdg rụọ ọrụ n'usoro, n'ikpeazụ, n'elu phospholipid nke platelets nyere, factor X, factor V, calcium ions na phospholipids ọnụ na-etolite ihe na-eme ka prothrombin rụọ ọrụ.

(2) Ụzọ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke mpụga: Ọ na-amalite site na mwepụta nke ihe nketa anụ ahụ (TF) site na mmebi anụ ahụ. TF na-ejikọta ya na ihe nketa VII iji mepụta ihe mgbagwoju anya TF-VII, nke na-eme ka ihe nketa X rụọ ọrụ wee mepụta ihe na-eme ka prothrombin rụọ ọrụ. Ụzọ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke mpụga dị ngwa karịa ụzọ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke dị n'ime ahụ ma nwee ike ime ka ọbara gbakọta n'oge dị mkpirikpi.

(3) Ụzọ coagulation nkịtị: Mgbe e guzobere prothrombin activator, a na-eme ka prothrombin rụọ ọrụ ka ọ bụrụ thrombin. Thrombin bụ isi ihe na-akpata coagulation nke na-eme ka mgbanwe nke fibrinogen ka ọ bụrụ fibrin monomers. N'okpuru ọrụ nke factor XIII na calcium ion, fibrin monomers na-ejikọ aka wee mepụta fibrin polymers kwụsiri ike. A na-ejikọta fibrin polymers ndị a n'ime netwọk, na-ejide mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara iji mepụta mkpụkọ ọbara ma mezue usoro coagulation.

3- Usoro coagulation na-adịghị mma: gụnyere hypercoagulability na nsogbu coagulation.
(1) Ịkpọchi ọbara nke ukwuu: Ahụ́ mmadụ nọ n'ọnọdụ ọbara nke na-anaghị agbakọ ọbara nke ọma ma nwee ike ibute thrombosis. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ọnọdụ mmerụ ahụ dị oke njọ, nnukwu ịwa ahụ, etuto ọjọọ, wdg, ọrụ nke ihe ndị na-akpata coagulation na platelets n'ọbara na-abawanye, viscosity ọbara na-abawanye, nke nwere ike ibute thrombosis ngwa ngwa, nke nwere ike ibute ọrịa dị oke njọ dịka embolism nke akpa ume, nkụchi ụbụrụ, nkụchi obi, wdg, ma tinye ndụ n'ihe ize ndụ.

(2) Nsogbu nke njikọta ọbara: na-ezo aka na enweghị ma ọ bụ ọrụ na-adịghị mma nke ụfọdụ ihe ndị na-akpata njikọta ọbara na usoro njikọta ọbara, nke na-eduga n'ọkwa ọbara na-abawanye. Ihe ndị a na-akpatakarị gụnyere enweghị njikọ ọbara na-akpata, dịka hemophilia A (enweghị njikọ nke ihe VIII) na hemophilia B (enweghị njikọ nke ihe IX); enweghị njikọ vitamin K, nke na-emetụta njikọta nke ihe II, VII, IX, na X; ọrịa imeju, nke na-eduga na mbelata njikọta nke ihe ndị na-akpata njikọta ọbara; na ojiji nke ọgwụ mgbochi ọbara, dị ka warfarin na heparin, nke na-egbochi usoro njikọta ọbara.

Nchịkọta ọbara na-arụ ọrụ dị oke mkpa n'ịnọgide na-arụ ọrụ nkịtị nke ahụ mmadụ. Nsogbu ọ bụla na-adịghị mma na ọrụ nchịkọta ọbara nwere ike inwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na ahụike. N'ọrụ ahụike, a na-ejikarị ọtụtụ ule nchịkọta ọbara dị iche iche, dị ka oge prothrombin (PT), oge thromboplastin nke a na-arụ ọrụ (APTT), mkpebi fibrinogen, wdg, enyocha ọrụ nchịkọta ọbara nke onye ọrịa, iji chọpụta ma gwọọ ọrịa ndị metụtara nchịkọta ọbara n'oge.