Ma nā ʻōlelo lapaʻau, ʻo ka "coagulation" kahi hana physiological paʻakikī, e pili ana i kahi moʻo o nā hopena e loli ai ke koko mai ka wai a i ka gel-like paʻa. ʻO ke kumu nui ka hoʻōki ʻana i ke kahe koko a pale i ka nalowale nui o ke koko. Eia ka wehewehe kikoʻī mai nā ʻano o nā mea coagulation, ke kaʻina hana coagulation a me ke ʻano coagulation maʻamau:

1-Nā kumu hoʻohuihui: Nui nā kumu hoʻohuihui i loko o ke koko, e like me ka kumu I (fibrinogen), kumu II (prothrombin), kumu V, kumu VII, kumu VIII, kumu IX, kumu X, kumu XI, kumu XII, a pēlā aku. Hoʻohui ʻia ka hapa nui o lākou i loko o ke akepaʻa. He kuleana koʻikoʻi kēia mau kumu hoʻohuihui i ke kaʻina hana hoʻohuihui, a ma o kahi moʻo o nā hoʻāla a me nā pilina, ua hoʻohuihui hope ʻia ke koko.

2-Ke kaʻina hana coagulation: Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ke ala coagulation intrinsic a me ke ala coagulation exogenous. Hoʻohui hope nā ala ʻelua i ke ala coagulation maʻamau e hana i ka thrombin, kahi e hoʻololi ai i ka fibrinogen i fibrin e hana i kahi clot koko.
(1) Ke ala coagulation kūloko: Ke hōʻino ʻia ka endothelium vascular a pili ke koko me nā olonā collagen subendothelial i hōʻike ʻia, hoʻāla ʻia ka factor XII, e hoʻomaka ana i ke ala coagulation kūloko. A laila hoʻāla ʻia ka Factor XI, factor IX, factor X, a pēlā aku ma ke kaʻina, a ʻo ka hope loa, ma ka ʻili phospholipid i hāʻawi ʻia e nā platelets, factor X, factor V, nā ion calcium a me nā phospholipids e hui pū e hana i ka prothrombin activator.

(2) Ke ala coagulation extrinsic: Hoʻomaka ʻia e ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka tissue factor (TF) e ka hōʻino ʻia o nā ʻiʻo. Hoʻohui ʻo TF me ka factor VII e hana i kahi hui TF-VII, kahi e hoʻāla ai i ka factor X a laila hana i ka prothrombin activator. ʻOi aku ka wikiwiki o ke ala coagulation extrinsic ma mua o ke ala coagulation intrinsic a hiki ke hoʻoulu i ke koko e coagulate i ka manawa pōkole.

(3) Ke ala coagulation maʻamau: Ma hope o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka mea hoʻoulu prothrombin, hoʻāla ʻia ka prothrombin i thrombin. ʻO Thrombin kahi mea coagulation koʻikoʻi e hoʻoulu ai i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka fibrinogen i nā monomers fibrin. Ma lalo o ka hana a ka factor XIII a me nā ion calcium, hoʻopili nā monomers fibrin e hana i nā polymers fibrin paʻa. Ua ulana ʻia kēia mau polymers fibrin i loko o kahi pūnaewele, e hoʻopaʻa ana i nā ʻāpana koko e hana i nā clots koko a hoʻopau i ke kaʻina hana coagulation.

3-ʻAno hana coagulation maʻamau ʻole: me ka hypercoagulability a me nā maʻi coagulation.
(1) Hypercoagulability: Aia ke kino i loko o kahi kūlana hypercoagulable a hiki ke loaʻa i ka thrombosis. No ka laʻana, i nā hihia o ka trauma koʻikoʻi, ke ʻoki kino nui, nā puʻupuʻu malignant, a pēlā aku, piʻi ka hana o nā mea coagulation a me nā platelets i loko o ke koko, a piʻi ka viscosity o ke koko, hiki ke alakaʻi maʻalahi i ka thrombosis, hiki ke hoʻoulu i nā maʻi koʻikoʻi e like me ka pulmonary embolism, cerebral infarction, myocardial infarction, a pēlā aku, a hoʻoweliweli i ke ola.

(2) Ka maʻi coagulation: pili i ka nele a i ʻole ka hana maʻamau ʻole o kekahi mau mea coagulation i ke kaʻina hana coagulation koko, kahi e alakaʻi ai i ka hoʻonui ʻia o ke kahe koko. ʻO nā kumu maʻamau e komo pū me ka hemahema o ka mea coagulation hoʻoilina, e like me ka hemophilia A (hemahema o ka mea VIII) a me ka hemophilia B (hemahema o ka mea IX); ka nele o ka huaora K, ka mea e hoʻopilikia ai i ka synthesis o nā mea II, VII, IX, a me X; ka maʻi akepaʻa, ka mea e alakaʻi ai i ka emi ʻana o ka synthesis o nā mea coagulation; a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā anticoagulants, e like me ka warfarin a me ka heparin, ka mea e kāohi ai i ke kaʻina hana coagulation.

He kuleana koʻikoʻi ko ka coagulation i ka mālama ʻana i ka hana physiological maʻamau o ke kino o ke kanaka. Hiki i kekahi ʻano ʻē i ka hana coagulation ke loaʻa ka hopena koʻikoʻi i ke olakino. I ka hana lapaʻau, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā hoʻokolohua coagulation like ʻole, e like me ka manawa prothrombin (PT), ka manawa thromboplastin hapa i hoʻāla ʻia (APTT), ka hoʻoholo ʻana o ka fibrinogen, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e loiloi i ka hana coagulation o ka mea maʻi, i mea e ʻike ai a mālama i nā maʻi e pili ana i ka coagulation i ka manawa kūpono.