Inā loaʻa ka hemorrhage subcutaneous i loko o kahi manawa pōkole a hoʻomau ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka wahi, me ke kahe ʻana o ke koko mai nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe, e like me ke kahe ʻana o ka ihu, ke kahe ʻana o ke koko gingival, ke kahe ʻana o ke koko rectal, hematuria, a pēlā aku; lohi ka nui o ka omo ʻana ma hope o ke kahe ʻana o ke koko, a ʻaʻole e emi mālie ka wahi kahe no nā pule ʻelua; hele pū ʻia me nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe, e like me ka anemia, ke kuni, a pēlā aku; Manaʻo ʻia e ʻimi i ke kōkua lapaʻau mai kahi keʻena hematology inā he hoʻi hou ʻana o ke kahe koko mai ka wā kamaliʻi a me nā hōʻailona like i loko o ka ʻohana.

ʻO nā keiki ma lalo o 14 mau makahiki i ʻike i nā hōʻailona i luna nei, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e ʻimi i ke kōkua lapaʻau ma nā pediatrics.

Inā ʻike ʻia ke kahe koko ma lalo o ka ʻili ma ke ʻano he ecchymosis ʻili a me ka mucosal, a me nā hōʻailona kahe koko o ka ʻōpū e like me ke kahe koko o ka ihu a me ka gingival, ka luaʻi ʻana i ke koko, a me ke kahe koko ʻana o ka rectal, me ka nausea, ka anorexia, ka pehu ʻana, ka ʻeleʻele, ka neʻe ʻana, ka melemele o ka ʻili a me ka sclera, a me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka wai o ka ʻōpū, ua manaʻo ʻia he kahe koko ma lalo o ka ʻili i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hōʻino ʻana o ka hana o ke ake, ka cirrhosis, ka hāʻule ʻana o ke ake, a pēlā aku. Manaʻo ʻia e ʻimi i ke kōkua lapaʻau ma ka ʻoihana gastroenterology.